%PDF-1.6 % 1 0 obj <> endobj 2 0 obj <>stream 2021-06-24T15:13:09-04:00 2021-06-24T15:13:08-04:00 2021-06-24T15:13:09-04:00 Adobe Acrobat 17.0 application/pdf 03-06174.a1 uuid:123ef037-a39f-490b-a0df-36a95263ad37 uuid:a47f3ec5-4cef-409a-a912-a37b3e8915b3 Acrobat Web Capture 15.0 endstream endobj 5 0 obj <> endobj 6 0 obj <> endobj 3 0 obj <> endobj 7 0 obj <> endobj 8 0 obj <> endobj 23 0 obj <>>> endobj 24 0 obj <> endobj 25 0 obj <> endobj 27 0 obj [26 0 R 26 0 R] endobj 28 0 obj [26 0 R 26 0 R] endobj 29 0 obj [26 0 R 26 0 R] endobj 30 0 obj [26 0 R 26 0 R] endobj 31 0 obj [26 0 R 26 0 R] endobj 32 0 obj [26 0 R 26 0 R] endobj 33 0 obj [26 0 R 26 0 R] endobj 34 0 obj [26 0 R 26 0 R] endobj 35 0 obj [26 0 R 26 0 R] endobj 36 0 obj [26 0 R 26 0 R] endobj 26 0 obj <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>]/P 24 0 R/Pg 13 0 R/S/Article>> endobj 13 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 0/Type/Page>> endobj 37 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (03-06174.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (Computer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archiv\ ed%20-%20HTML/03-06174.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([6/24/2021 3:13:08 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f 0.604 g q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 734.2497 cm 0 0 m 0.75 -0.75 l 579 -0.75 l 579.749 0 l h f Q 0.933 g q 1 0 0 1 16.7499 733.5 cm 0 0 m -0.75 -0.75 l 579 -0.75 l 578.25 0 l h f Q 0.604 g q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 732.7503 cm 0 0 m 0.75 0.75 l 0 1.499 l h f Q 0.933 g q 1 0 0 1 594.9999 733.5 cm 0 0 m 0.75 -0.75 l 0.75 0.75 l h f Q 0.604 g q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 618.75 cm 0 0 m 0.75 -0.75 l 579 -0.75 l 579.749 0 l h f Q 0.933 g q 1 0 0 1 16.7499 618.0003 cm 0 0 m -0.75 -0.751 l 579 -0.751 l 578.25 0 l h f Q 0.604 g q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 617.2497 cm 0 0 m 0.75 0.751 l 0 1.5 l h f Q 0.933 g q 1 0 0 1 594.9999 618.0003 cm 0 0 m 0.75 -0.751 l 0.75 0.75 l h f Q /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 749.25 Tm (DATE: February 28, 2005)Tj 0 -3.25 TD (In Re:)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (------------------)Tj T* (SSN: -----------)Tj T* (Applicant for Security Clearance)Tj 0 -3.25 TD (ISCR Case No. 03-06174)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 17.628 -2.125 Td (APPEAL BOARD DECISION)Tj 2.806 -2.125 Td (APPEARANCES)Tj ET 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 261.2061 543 cm 0 0 m 89.338 0 l h S Q BT 11.25 0 0 11.25 251.0312 519 Tm (FOR GOVERNMENT)Tj /TT0 1 Tf -7.539 -2.2 Td (Peregrine D. Russell-Hunter, Esq., Chief Department Counsel)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 8.317 -2.2 Td (FOR APPLICANT)Tj /TT0 1 Tf -0.847 -2.2 Td (Thomas M. Abbott, Esq.)Tj 12 0 0 12 16 419.25 Tm (The Defense Office of Hearings and Appeals \(DOHA\) issued to Applicant \ a Statement of Reasons \(SOR\), dated)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (February 24, 2004, which)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (stated the reasons why DOHA proposed to deny or revoke access to classif\ ied information for)Tj T* (Applicant. )Tj 4.443 0 Td (The SOR was based on Guideline B)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 14.692 0 Td (\(Foreign Influence\) and Guideline C \(Foreign Preference\).)Tj -19.136 -1.125 Td (Administrative Judge Joseph Testan issued an unfavorable security cleara\ nce)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 31.128 0 Td (decision, dated August 24, 2004.)Tj -31.128 -2.125 Td (Applicant appealed the Administrative Judge's unfavorable decision. )Tj 27.728 0 Td (The Board has jurisdiction under Executive Order)Tj -27.728 -1.125 Td (10865 and)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Department of Defense Directive 5220.6 \(Directive\), dated January 2, 1\ 992, as amended.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (The following issues have been raised on appeal: \(1\) whether the Admin\ istrative Judge erred by concluding Applicant)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (had not mitigated the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 8.72 0 Td (security concerns raised by his obtaining an Iranian passport in 1999; a\ nd \(2\) whether the)Tj -8.72 -1.125 Td (Administrative Judge erred by concluding Applicant)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 21.272 0 Td (has not mitigated the security concerns raised by the presence of)Tj -21.272 -1.125 Td (immediate family members in Iran. )Tj 14.384 0 Td (For the reasons that follow, the Board)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 15.386 0 Td (affirms the Administrative Judge's decision.)Tj /TT1 1 Tf -9.085 -2.125 Td (Scope of Review)Tj /TT0 1 Tf -20.685 -2.125 Td (On appeal, the Board does not review a case )Tj /TT2 1 Tf 17.993 0 Td (de novo)Tj /TT0 1 Tf (. )Tj (Rather, the Board addresses the material issues raised by the)Tj -17.993 -1.125 Td (parties to determine)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 8.191 0 Td (whether there is factual or legal error. )Tj 15.326 0 Td (There is no presumption of error below, and the appealing)Tj -23.517 -1.125 Td (party must raise claims of error with)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 14.801 0 Td (specificity and identify how the Administrative Judge committed factual \ or legal)Tj -14.801 -1.125 Td (error. )Tj (Directive, Additional Procedural Guidance, Item)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 22.186 0 Td (E3.1.32. )Tj /TT2 1 Tf (See also)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( ISCR Case No. 00-0050 \(July 23, 2001\) at pp.)Tj -22.186 -1.125 Td (2-3 \(discussing reasons why party must raise claims of error with)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 26.355 0 Td (specificity\).)Tj -26.355 -2.125 Td (When the rulings or conclusions of an Administrative Judge are challenge\ d, the Board must consider whether they are:)Tj T* (\(1\) arbitrary or)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 6.191 0 Td (capricious; or \(2\) contrary to law. )Tj 13.689 0 Td (Directive, Additional Procedural Guidance, Item E3.1.32.3. )Tj 24.104 0 Td (In)Tj -43.985 -1.125 Td (deciding whether the Judge's rulings or)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 15.899 0 Td (conclusions are arbitrary or capricious, the Board will review the Judge\ 's)Tj -15.899 -1.125 Td (decision to determine whether: it does not examine relevant)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 24.131 0 Td (evidence; it fails to articulate a satisfactory explanation for)Tj -24.131 -1.125 Td (its conclusions, including a rational connection between the facts found\ and the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 32.019 0 Td (choice made; it does not consider)Tj -32.019 -1.125 Td (relevant factors; it reflects a clear error of judgment; it fails to con\ sider an important aspect of the case; it)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 42.316 0 Td (offers an)Tj -42.316 -1.125 Td (explanation for the decision that runs contrary to the record evidence; \ or it is so implausible that it cannot be ascribed to)Tj T* (a mere)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 2.942 0 Td (difference of opinion. )Tj /TT2 1 Tf 8.941 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 3.332 0 Td (, ISCR Case No. 97-0435 \(July 14, 1998\) at p. 3 \(citing Supreme Court\ decision\).)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 38 0 obj <> endobj 39 0 obj (F#1b/M) endobj 40 0 obj <> endobj 41 0 obj <> endobj 42 0 obj <> endobj 47 0 obj <> endobj 48 0 obj <>stream H\]k@{?\EcsZ@fB3\<> +$}'_o7O.v&wcy6}81[hoO͘xw=Oᴍ!k)]ͪ6SRzwe?)nt]8؃^9]띭wǟ\9/i.Ǧ ǐՅmKWضB .ڏ&euvkaogkv%D߳ўB?ЏGB?xx<=OA8e>O& l"lA+[4 B,t B)t B)/l(Ҭ0+ߡ* ҩp* ҩp* Ҧ)ߧ0_`~欽d#6<[>*/ts endstream endobj 49 0 obj <>stream H|T= ņ scƮI4$D@+JlA{+QĆ {Wzcj}z+9k9ggϚoob#W5j#wB"Cf/)Z@sMhfp#cw=r[}E0oy ~oČ@DW(^dC=tb 8 S3E02thTZƛFu \QEs6nB|IL6}Yż &/Zd)+VZk֮[a[nKݾc{۟~ Gf;~,>s qq5D$䯺 #)_1+ϝxxȋD'Wa·o~=KzYзYݮ?_yDe]JjJrsuwZZ:ޙdE^Y9VrH%ůDqR;u:ERBrdgnA816~A?_a0Gɒ,XK{%%rVwB 9C{IF=L=p[o!:MĥlHyW)6\!,vȚVޖD^x)WUts q v{,G9ssp;N΍ u55;9:+;+9mNC97J=Xqmf @kedKfv:6@G#G}GGMGeQ #{icY=;מ*Wm--vbV-aFݦ}P+ԁ}ej?9U/$~5,|}gQۡ6VSÙ{xL~1# ?{EIk%X!f.! 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ISCR Case)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (No. 02-09892 \(July)Tj -33.906 -1.125 Td (15, 2004\) at p. 5 \(noting that it is not unusual for a Hearing Office \ Judge to be faced with conflicting record evidence, or)Tj T* (a)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (record that contains some evidence that favors one side and different ev\ idence that favors the other side\).)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (22. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf (See)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( Directive, Section 6.3; Adjudicative Guidelines, Item E2.2.1.)Tj T* (23. )Tj (Under the Directive, Applicant has the burden of demonstrating extenuati\ on or mitigation of admitted or proven)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (facts that raise security)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 9.44 0 Td (concerns. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf (See)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( Directive, Additional Procedural Guidance, Item E3.1.15. )Tj 29.045 0 Td (Applicant's burden of)Tj -38.486 -1.125 Td (persuasion extends to presenting evidence)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 17.078 0 Td (sufficient to warrant the application of Adjudicative Guidelines mitigat\ ing)Tj -17.078 -1.125 Td (conditions. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 4.666 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf (, ISCR Case No. 02-02892 \(June 28, 2004\) at)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (p. 6.)Tj -4.666 -2.125 Td (24. )Tj ("A determination that the immediate family member\(s\), \(spouse, father\ , mother, sons, daughters, brothers, sisters\),)Tj T* (cohabitant, or)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 5.748 0 Td (associate\(s\) in question are not agents of a foreign power or in a pos\ ition to be exploited by a foreign)Tj -5.748 -1.125 Td (power in a way that could force the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 14.383 0 Td (individual to choose between loyalty to the person\(s\) involved and the\ United)Tj -14.383 -1.125 Td (States" \(Directive, Adjudicative Guidelines, Item E2.A2.1.3.1\).)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (25. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf (See)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( Directive, Additional Procedural Guidance, Item E3.1.32 \(Board shall a\ ddress the material issues raised by the)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (parties\).)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (26. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 4.832 0 Td (, ISCR Case No. 02-02892 \(June 28, 2004\) at p. 11.)Tj -4.832 -2.125 Td (27. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 4.832 0 Td (, ISCR Case No. 02-14995 \(July 26, 2004\) at pp. 4-5; ISCR Case No. 02-\ 02892 \(June 28, 2004\) at p. 7;)Tj -4.832 -1.125 Td (ISCR Case No. 00-0628)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (\(February 24, 2003\) at p. 5.)Tj T* (28. )Tj ("Contact and correspondence with foreign citizens are casual and infrequ\ ent" \(Directive, Adjudicative Guidelines,)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 20 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 7/Type/Page>> endobj 54 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (03-06174.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (Computer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archiv\ ed%20-%20HTML/03-06174.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([6/24/2021 3:13:08 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC BT /Article <>BDC 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 751.5 Tm (3. )Tj (Applicant correctly notes that an appealing party has the right to make \ good faith arguments for why the Board)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (should overrule or modify)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 10.72 0 Td (its earlier decisions.)Tj -10.72 -2.125 Td (4. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 4.332 0 Td (, ISCR Case No. 01-01295 \(December 13, 2001\) at p. 4; ISCR Case No. 99\ -0480 \(November 28, 2000\) at p.)Tj -4.332 -1.125 Td (8.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (5. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 4.332 0 Td (, ISCR Case No. 00-0489 \(January 10, 2002\) at p. 7 \(noting ASDC3I has\ authority under the Directive to)Tj -4.332 -1.125 Td (establish adjudicative)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 8.886 0 Td (standards, oversee the application of such standards, and to issue clari\ fying guidance and)Tj -8.886 -1.125 Td (instructions\); ISCR Case No. 01-00783 \(December)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 20.691 0 Td (19, 2001\) at p. 4 \(same\).)Tj -20.691 -2.125 Td (6. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf (See)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( ISCR Case No. 99-0519 \(February 23, 2001\) at p. 5 n.1 \(Board does no\ t have jurisdiction to review decision of)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (ASDC3I to suspend a)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (security clearance pursuant to Directive, Section 6.4\). )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 30.658 0 Td (Cf. Association of Administrative Law)Tj -30.658 -1.125 Td (Judges v. Heckler)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 7.135 0 Td (, 594 F. Supp. 1132, 1141)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (\(D.D.C. 1984\)\(when an agency delegates review authority to an agency)Tj -7.135 -1.125 Td (appellate, the agency appellate body has the authority to review)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 25.685 0 Td (administrative law judge decisions to ensure they)Tj -25.685 -1.125 Td (comply with agency policy\).)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (7. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf (See)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( cases cited in footnote 4 of this decision.)Tj T* (8. )Tj (To the extent that Applicant's arguments ask the Board to revert to poli\ cies that preceded the ASDC3I memorandum,)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Board decisions)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 6.666 0 Td (cannot be relied on or followed to the extent they involve rulings predi\ cated on law or DoD policy that)Tj -6.666 -1.125 Td (changed after the issuance of those)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 14.216 0 Td (decisions. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 7.553 0 Td (, ISCR Case No. 02-24254 \(June 29, 2004\) at p. 7. )Tj (Quasi-judicial)Tj -21.77 -1.125 Td (adjudications must be made within the bounds of)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 19.886 0 Td (applicable law and agency policy, not without regard to them. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 24.992 0 Td (See,)Tj -44.878 -1.125 Td (e.g., Croplife America v. Environmental Protection Agency)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 23.716 0 Td (, 329 F.3d 876,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (882 \(D.C. Cir. 2003\) \(administrative law)Tj -23.716 -1.125 Td (judges cannot ignore agency policy in making rulings\); )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 22.328 0 Td (Nash v. Bowen)Tj /TT0 1 Tf (, 869 F.2d 675, 680 \(2d Cir.)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (1989\)\(administrative)Tj -22.328 -1.125 Td (law judge is subordinate to head of agency or department in matters of p\ olicy\); )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 31.824 0 Td (Mullen v. Bowen)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 6.748 0 Td (, 800 F.2d 535, 540 n. 5)Tj -38.572 -1.125 Td (\(6th Cir. 1986\) \(decisional independence does not relieve administrat\ ive law judge of the obligation to apply agency)Tj T* (policy\). )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 3.333 0 Td (See also)Tj /TT0 1 Tf /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Directive, Section 5.2.13 \(Hearing Office and Board )Tj 24.77 0 Td (must "have the requisite independence to render)Tj -28.102 -1.125 Td (fair and impartial decisions )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 11.163 0 Td (consistent)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 4.25 0 Td (with DoD policy)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 6.61 0 Td ("\)\(italics added\); ISCR Case No. 02-00305 \(February 12, 2003\))Tj -22.023 -1.125 Td (at p. 3 \(security clearance decisions must be based on current)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 24.713 0 Td (DoD policy and standards\). )Tj (Accordingly, no Board)Tj -24.713 -1.125 Td (decision should be construed or interpreted without regard to the law an\ d DoD policy)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 34.436 0 Td (applicable at the time the Board)Tj -34.436 -1.125 Td (decision was issued.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (9. )Tj (If appropriate officials in the DoD decide that the Board's interpretati\ on of the ASDC3I memorandum is erroneous,)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (then they are free to)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 8.246 0 Td (amend or clarify the ASDC3I memorandum as authorized by law. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 26.631 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf (, Directive, Section 5.1.)Tj -34.877 -1.125 Td (Moreover, the Directive authorizes the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 15.716 0 Td (adjudication of an applicant's security eligibility, not the adjudicatio\ n of the pros)Tj -15.716 -1.125 Td (and cons of DoD policy, in these proceedings. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 18.718 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf (,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (ISCR Case No. 02-04237 \(August 12, 2003\) at p. 4 \(neither a)Tj -18.718 -1.125 Td (Hearing Office Judge nor the Board can review or pass judgment on the wi\ sdom)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 32.436 0 Td (or desirability of the ASDC3I)Tj -32.436 -1.125 Td (memorandum\). )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 6.387 0 Td (See also)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( )Tj /TT1 1 Tf (Iran Air v. Kugelman)Tj /TT0 1 Tf (, 996 F.2d 1253, 1260 \(D.C. Cir. 1993\)\(administrative law)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 35.746 0 Td (judges are)Tj -42.133 -1.125 Td (bound to follow agency policy and cannot reargue or dispute agency polic\ y in their rulings or decisions\).)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 41.905 0 Td ( )Tj /TT0 1 Tf (Any party who)Tj -41.905 -1.125 Td (wants to)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (obtain a change or modification of DoD policy must seek relief outside D\ OHA proceedings.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (10. )Tj (It is legally permissible for agencies or departments to enforce statute\ , regulations, directives, or policies through)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (quasi-adjudicative)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 7.581 0 Td (proceedings. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 5.332 0 Td (See, e.g., Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Aguirre-Aguirre)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 27.607 0 Td (, 526 U.S. 415, 425)Tj -40.519 -1.125 Td (\(1999\)\(recognizing federal agency can)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 15.714 0 Td (give ambiguous statutory terms concrete meaning through process of case-\ by-)Tj -15.714 -1.125 Td (case adjudication\). )Tj 7.747 0 Td (Otherwise, entities such as the National)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 16.079 0 Td (Labor Relations Board would be crippled or severely)Tj -23.826 -1.125 Td (restricted in their ability to carry out their functions.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (11. )Tj (It is frivolous for Applicant to argue that the lawful effect and preced\ ential value of Board decisions on the ASDC3I)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (memorandum can be)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 8.636 0 Td (placed in doubt by the rulings of Hearing Office Administrative Judges. \ )Tj 28.993 0 Td (The lawful effect and)Tj -37.629 -1.125 Td (precedential value of appellate tribunal)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 15.854 0 Td (decisions are not contingent on the actions or inactions of lower level \ tribunals,)Tj -15.854 -1.125 Td (nor are they dependent on the consent or agreement of lower)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 24.518 0 Td (level tribunals. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 6.193 0 Td (See also)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( footnote 1 of this decision. )Tj 14.498 0 Td (No)Tj -45.209 -1.125 Td (party can reasonably rely on the decisions of Hearing Office Judges to e\ scape the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 32.766 0 Td (precedential value of Board decisions)Tj -32.766 -1.125 Td (that are on point.)Tj EMC ET endstream endobj 19 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 6/Type/Page>> endobj 55 0 obj [57 0 R 58 0 R] endobj 56 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (03-06174.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (Computer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archiv\ ed%20-%20HTML/03-06174.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([6/24/2021 3:13:08 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 755.25 Tm (the past; and \(b\) there is record)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 12.689 0 Td (evidence that shows he would report to his supervisors and company secur\ ity office any)Tj ET Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 741.75 Tm (attempt by the Iranian government to contact him)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 20.049 0 Td (directly or indirectly. )Tj 8.719 0 Td (The Board will discuss Applicant's arguments in)Tj -28.769 -1.125 Td (reverse order.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Applicant's second argument lacks merit. )Tj 16.731 0 Td (The opinions by third parties about what Applicant would do if Iranian)Tj -16.731 -1.125 Td (government officials)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 8.553 0 Td (contacted him under unspecified circumstances in the future \(Exhibits B\ and C\) are not stronger or)Tj -8.553 -1.125 Td (more weighty than Applicant's opinion)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 15.816 0 Td (about how he would act if Iranian government officials contacted him und\ er)Tj -15.816 -1.375 Td (unspecified circumstances in the future.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 206.9277 663.75 Tm ( \(31\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 206.9277 663 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 225.6089 659.25 Tm ( )Tj (As the Board has)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (held, an applicant's opinion about such future situations)Tj -17.467 -1.375 Td (generally are not entitled to much weight.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 216.2676 647.25 Tm ( \(32\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 216.2676 646.5 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 234.9487 642.75 Tm ( )Tj (Applicant fails to articulate a cogent)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 15.022 0 Td (argument for why the opinions by)Tj -33.268 -1.125 Td (third parties about how he would act if Iranian government officials con\ tacted him under unspecified)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 40.625 0 Td (circumstances in)Tj -40.625 -1.125 Td (the future are entitled to greater weight than Applicant's opinion.)Tj T* (Given the record evidence that Applicant has reported foreign contacts i\ n the past, the Administrative Judge failed to)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (explain why he)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 6.359 0 Td (concluded Foreign Influence Mitigating Condition 4 did not apply in this\ case. )Tj 31.689 0 Td (However, considering)Tj -38.048 -1.125 Td (the record as a whole, the Board)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 13.162 0 Td (concludes that this error does not warrant remand or reversal.)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 8.605 -2.125 Td (Conclusion)Tj /TT0 1 Tf -21.767 -2.125 Td (The Board affirms the Administrative Judge's security clearance decision\ because Applicant has not demonstrated error)Tj T* (below that warrants)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 8.136 0 Td (remand or reversal.)Tj -8.136 -2.125 Td (Signed: Emilio Jaksetic)Tj ET 0 G q 1 0 0 1 16 472.5 cm 0 0 m 113.32 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 16 447.75 Tm (Emilio Jaksetic)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Administrative Judge)Tj T* (Chairman, Appeal Board)Tj T* (Signed: Michael Y. Ra'anan)Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 16 370.5 cm 0 0 m 134.795 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 16 345.75 Tm (Michael Y. Ra'anan)Tj T* (Administrative Judge)Tj T* (Member, Appeal Board)Tj T* (Signed: Jeffrey D. Billett)Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 16 268.5 cm 0 0 m 120.645 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 16 243.75 Tm (Jeffrey D. Billett)Tj T* (Administrative Judge)Tj T* (Member, Appeal Board)Tj T* (1. )Tj (Applicant's reliance on decisions by Hearing Office Administrative Judge\ s is somewhat misplaced. )Tj 40.92 0 Td (Decisions by)Tj -40.92 -1.125 Td (Hearing Office Judges)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (are not legally binding precedent that the Board must follow. )Tj 33.879 0 Td (The Board is not required to: \(a\))Tj -33.879 -1.125 Td (follow decisions issued by Hearing Office)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 17.107 0 Td (Judges; \(b\) justify why it chooses not to follow decisions issued by H\ earing)Tj -17.107 -1.125 Td (Office Judges; or \(c\) reconcile its decisions with those issued by)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 25.966 0 Td (Hearing Office Judges. )Tj (Rather, it is the burden of a)Tj -25.966 -1.125 Td (party to persuade the Board as to why it should follow any Hearing Offic\ e Judge decision)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 36.102 0 Td (cited by that party. )Tj /TT2 1 Tf 7.748 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 3.332 0 Td (,)Tj -47.181 -1.125 Td (ISCR Case No. 01-22606 \(June 30, 2003\) at pp. 3-5.)Tj T* (2. )Tj (August 16, 2000 memorandum by Assistant Secretary of Defense for Command\ , Control, Communications, and)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Intelligence, entitled)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 8.469 0 Td ("Guidance to DoD Central Adjudication Facilities \(CAF\) Clarifying the \ Application of the Foreign)Tj -8.469 -1.125 Td (Preference Adjudicative Guideline.")Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 57 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[207.0 661.0 225.0 672.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 58 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[216.0 645.0 234.0 656.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 18 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 5/Type/Page>> endobj 59 0 obj [61 0 R 62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R] endobj 60 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (03-06174.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (Computer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archiv\ ed%20-%20HTML/03-06174.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([6/24/2021 3:13:08 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 755.25 Tm (position of being able to present evidence of how he would react [if the\ Iran government)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 35.655 0 Td (were to contact him directly or)Tj ET Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 741.75 Tm (indirectly]"; \(i\) there is no evidence that the Iranian government has\ ever attempted to exploit any resident of)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 43.837 0 Td (Iran for)Tj -43.837 -1.125 Td (the purpose of trying to compromise a person holding a U.S. security cle\ arance; and \(j\) there is no evidence that the)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Iranian)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 3.082 0 Td (government has ever sought to exploit his relationship with his sisters \ in Iran. )Tj 31.273 0 Td (These arguments fail to)Tj -34.354 -1.125 Td (demonstrate the Judge erred in this)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 14.218 0 Td (case.)Tj -14.218 -2.125 Td (As noted earlier in this decision, there is a rebuttable presumption tha\ t an Administrative Judge considered all the record)Tj T* (evidence unless the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 8.025 0 Td (Judge specifically states otherwise. )Tj 14.301 0 Td (Applicant's disagreement with the Judge's decision to not apply)Tj -22.326 -1.125 Td (Foreign Influence Mitigating Condition 1)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 16.859 0 Td (is not sufficient to rebut the presumption that the Judge considered the\ record)Tj -16.859 -1.125 Td (evidence.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (As discussed earlier in this decision, the decisions by Hearing Office A\ dministrative Judges are not legally binding)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (precedent. )Tj 4.386 0 Td (The decision)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 5.387 0 Td (of a Hearing Office Judge to apply Foreign Influence Mitigating Conditio\ n 1 in a given case)Tj -9.773 -1.125 Td (does legally bind a fellow Hearing Office Judge)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 19.438 0 Td (to apply Foreign Influence Mitigating Condition 1 )Tj 20.358 0 Td (in another case. )Tj 6.497 0 Td (It is)Tj -46.293 -1.125 Td (untenable for Applicant to argue "the Board has created an arbitrary)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 27.424 0 Td (and capricious system" where Hearing Office)Tj -27.424 -1.125 Td (Judges apply the Adjudicative Guidelines inconsistently. )Tj 22.968 0 Td (The Board does not have the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 11.719 0 Td (jurisdiction, authority, or)Tj -34.687 -1.125 Td (capability to review Hearing Office decisions that are not appealed. )Tj 27.239 0 Td (Even when Hearing Office decisions are)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 16.437 0 Td (appealed,)Tj -43.676 -1.375 Td (the Board cannot review rulings in those decisions that are not challeng\ ed by the parties.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 440.875 530.25 Tm ( \(25\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 440.875 529.5 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 459.5562 525.75 Tm ( )Tj (If Applicant believes that)Tj -36.963 -1.125 Td (decisions)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (issued by Hearing Office Judges are inconsistent, then his remedy lies e\ lsewhere. )Tj 36.74 0 Td (The Board cannot ignore the)Tj -36.74 -1.125 Td (limits of its jurisdiction and)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 11.305 0 Td (authority under the Directive, however much an appealing party would lik\ e it to do so.)Tj -11.305 -2.125 Td (The record evidence that Applicant's sisters in Iran are not agents of a\ foreign power did not compel the Administrative)Tj T* (Judge to apply)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 6.083 0 Td (Foreign Influence Mitigating Condition 1. )Tj 17.109 0 Td (Because that mitigating condition is bifurcated in nature,)Tj -23.191 -1.125 Td (Applicant is not entitled to its application)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 16.803 0 Td (merely because he can show his sisters in Iran family members are not ag\ ents)Tj -16.803 -1.375 Td (of a foreign power.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 107.9629 434.25 Tm ( \(26\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 107.9629 433.5 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 404.25 Tm (The absence of record evidence that the Iranian government has ever atte\ mpted to exploit any resident of Iran for the)Tj T* (purpose of trying to)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 8.166 0 Td (compromise a person holding a U.S. security clearance, )Tj 22.521 0 Td (and the absence of record evidence that the)Tj -30.686 -1.125 Td (Iranian government has ever sought to)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 15.606 0 Td (exploit Applicant's sisters in Iran does not have the significance that \ Applicant)Tj -15.606 -1.125 Td (places on it. )Tj 5.054 0 Td (The federal government is not required to wait)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 18.882 0 Td (until there is proof that an applicant has been specifically)Tj -23.937 -1.125 Td (targeted by a foreign government before it can decide whether an applica\ nt's)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 30.833 0 Td (conduct and circumstances pose a security)Tj -30.833 -1.375 Td (risk.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 37 338.25 Tm ( \(27\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 37 337.5 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 308.25 Tm (Applicant's remaining arguments are predicated on an alternate interpret\ ation of the record evidence. )Tj 40.551 0 Td (Applicant's ability)Tj -40.551 -1.125 Td (to argue for an)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 6.108 0 Td (interpretation of the record evidence that favors him)Tj -6.108 -2.125 Td (is not sufficient to show that the Administrative Judge's choice to not \ apply Foreign Influence Mitigating Condition 1 in)Tj T* (this case is arbitrary,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 8.525 0 Td (capricious, or contrary to law. )Tj 12.246 0 Td (Applicant may believe that the record evidence should have been)Tj -20.771 -1.125 Td (viewed more favorably by the Judge. )Tj 15.079 0 Td (However, that belief is not sufficient to demonstrate the Judge acted in\ a manner)Tj -15.079 -1.125 Td (that is arbitrary, capricious, or contrary to law.)Tj 0 -2.375 TD (Foreign Influence Mitigating Condition 3)Tj ET 0 G q 1 0 0 1 16 199.5 cm 0 0 m 199.307 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 215.3066 200.25 Tm (.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 218.3066 204.75 Tm ( \(28\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG q 1 0 0 1 218.3066 204 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 236.9878 200.25 Tm ( )Tj (Applicant contends the record evidence does not support the)Tj -18.416 -1.125 Td (Administrative Judge's finding that)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 14.29 0 Td (his relationship with family members in Iran is close, and further conte\ nds the Judge)Tj -14.29 -1.125 Td (should have applied Foreign Influence Mitigating)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 20.106 0 Td (Condition 3 in his favor. )Tj 10.055 0 Td (There is a rebuttable presumption that a)Tj -30.162 -1.375 Td (person's contacts with immediate family members are not casual in)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 27.061 0 Td (nature.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 373.7148 161.25 Tm ( \(29\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 373.7148 160.5 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 392.396 156.75 Tm ( )Tj (Applicant cites to record evidence that)Tj -31.366 -1.125 Td (could provide support for an argument that his contacts with family memb\ ers in Iran are)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 35.518 0 Td (casual and infrequent.)Tj -35.518 -1.125 Td (However, Applicant also does not challenge the Judge's finding that he h\ as regular telephone contact with his sisters in)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Iran. )Tj (Considering the record as a whole, there is sufficient record evidence t\ o permit the Judge to conclude Applicant's)Tj T* (contacts with his)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 6.971 0 Td (sisters in Iran are not casual or infrequent enough to warrant applicati\ on of Foreign Influence)Tj -6.971 -1.125 Td (Mitigating Condition 3.)Tj 0 -2.375 TD (Foreign Influence Mitigating Condition 4)Tj ET 0 G q 1 0 0 1 16 60 cm 0 0 m 199.307 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 215.3066 60.75 Tm (.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 218.3066 65.25 Tm ( \(30\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG q 1 0 0 1 218.3066 64.5 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 236.9878 60.75 Tm ( Applicant contends that the Administrative Judge erred by not applying)Tj -18.416 -1.125 Td (Foreign Influence)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 7.386 0 Td (itigating Condition 4 because: \(a\) there is record evidence that he ha\ s reported his foreign contacts in)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 61 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[441.0 528.0 459.0 539.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 62 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[108.0 432.0 126.0 443.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 63 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[37.0 336.0 55.0 347.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 64 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[218.0 202.0 236.0 213.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 65 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[373.0 159.0 391.0 170.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 66 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[218.0 63.0 236.0 74.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 17 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 4/Type/Page>> endobj 67 0 obj [69 0 R 70 0 R 71 0 R 72 0 R 73 0 R 74 0 R 75 0 R] endobj 68 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (03-06174.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (Computer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archiv\ ed%20-%20HTML/03-06174.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([6/24/2021 3:13:08 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 754.5 Tm (concludes it does not have the jurisdiction or authority to address the \ merits of)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 31.604 0 Td (Applicant's claim that he is the victim of)Tj ET Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 741 Tm (discriminatory treatment.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (\(b\) Applicant's claim that there is selective application or enforceme\ nt of the Directive also seeks to have the Board)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (exercise jurisdiction and)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 10.024 0 Td (authority that it does not have under the Directive. )Tj 20.383 0 Td (This claim assumes that the Board has the)Tj -30.407 -1.125 Td (authority to review and pass judgment on)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 16.802 0 Td (decisions such as: \(i\) whether a security clearance case should be ref\ erred to)Tj -16.802 -1.125 Td (DOHA; \(ii\) whether an SOR should be issued in a particular)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 24.412 0 Td (case; and \(iii\) what allegations should or should not be)Tj -24.412 -1.125 Td (included in an SOR. )Tj 8.36 0 Td (Under the Directive, the Board does not have authority or)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 23.298 0 Td (jurisdiction to review and pass judgment)Tj -31.659 -1.375 Td (on such decisions. )Tj (Furthermore, DOHA proceedings are not a proper forum to adjudicate civil\ rights)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 40.461 0 Td (claims.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 535.8613 649.5 Tm ( \(18\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 535.8613 648.75 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 619.5 Tm (\(c\) There is a rebuttable presumption that an Administrative Judge con\ sidered all the record evidence unless the Judge)Tj 0 -1.375 TD (specifically states)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 7.331 0 Td (otherwise.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 153.6191 607.5 Tm ( \(19\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 153.6191 606.75 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 172.3003 603 Tm ( )Tj (That presumption is not rebutted by Applicant's ability to argue for an \ alternate)Tj -13.025 -1.375 Td (interpretation of the record evidence. )Tj 15.048 0 Td (After all, )Tj 3.859 0 Td (DOHA proceedings are adversarial in nature,)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 460.1348 591 Tm ( \(20\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 460.1348 590.25 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 478.8159 586.5 Tm ( and one of the)Tj -38.568 -1.125 Td (hallmarks of adversarial proceedings is the right of each party to make \ good)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 30.684 0 Td (faith arguments in support of: \(i\) what)Tj -30.684 -1.125 Td (weight the party )Tj 6.748 0 Td (believes the Judge should give to particular record evidence; \(ii\) wha\ t the party thinks)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 34.6 0 Td (the evidence)Tj -41.348 -1.125 Td (proves; \(iii\) the inferences the party thinks are warranted in light o\ f the record evidence; and \(iv\) the conclusions the)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (party)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (believes the Judge should reach based on the record evidence in the case\ . )Tj 31.793 0 Td (Accordingly, the presumption that the)Tj -31.793 -1.125 Td (Judge considered the record)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 11.44 0 Td (evidence is not rebutted merely because Applicant can argue that the Jud\ ge should have)Tj -11.44 -1.375 Td (weighed the evidence differently, drawn different)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 20.074 0 Td (inferences, or reached other conclusions than he did.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 509.125 507 Tm ( \(21\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 509.125 506.25 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 477 Tm (Applicant is correct that the Administrative Judge had to evaluate his s\ ecurity eligibility in light of the whole person)Tj 0 -1.375 TD (concept.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 56.3125 465 Tm ( \(22\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 56.3125 464.25 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 74.9937 460.5 Tm ( )Tj (However,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Applicant does not make a persuasive argument showing how the Judge fail\ ed to evaluate his)Tj -4.916 -1.125 Td (case in light of the whole person concept. )Tj 16.856 0 Td (At)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (most, Applicant sets forth an alternate interpretation of the record)Tj -16.856 -1.125 Td (evidence, and cites favorable evidence that he asserts the Judge should \ have)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 30.627 0 Td (given more weight to. )Tj 9.026 0 Td (As noted in the)Tj -39.653 -1.125 Td (preceding paragraph, one of the hallmarks of an adversarial proceeding i\ s the right of each party to)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 39.762 0 Td (make good faith)Tj -39.762 -1.125 Td (arguments in support of its interpretation of the record evidence. )Tj 26.02 0 Td (If the Board were to hold that a party's ability to make)Tj -26.02 -1.125 Td (a)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (good faith argument in support of its interpretation of the record evide\ nce were sufficient to demonstrate the Judge)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (failed to apply the whole)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 10.191 0 Td (person concept, then there would be few Hearing Office decisions that wo\ uld not be)Tj -10.191 -1.125 Td (vulnerable to such challenges. )Tj 12.301 0 Td (The issue is not whether)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 9.97 0 Td (the parties or the Board agree with the Judge's particular analysis)Tj -22.271 -1.125 Td (of a case, whether the parties or the Board would weigh the record evide\ nce)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 30.626 0 Td (the same way the Judge did, or whether the)Tj -30.626 -1.125 Td (parties or the Board would draw the same inferences or reach the same co\ nclusions as the Judge)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 38.681 0 Td (did. )Tj (Rather, the)Tj -38.681 -1.125 Td (question is whether the Judge's decision reflects a reasonable evaluatio\ n of the applicant's security eligibility in light of)Tj T* (the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (record evidence as a whole and pertinent provisions of the Directive \(i\ ncluding the whole person concept\).)Tj T* (Applicant has not shown that the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 13.387 0 Td (Judge's decision fails to apply the whole person concept.)Tj -13.387 -2.125 Td (\(d\) Applicant also contends the Administrative Judge erred by not appl\ ying Foreign Influence Mitigating Conditions 1,)Tj 0 -1.375 TD (3, and 4. )Tj (The Board)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (will address each of these claims of error in turn.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 348.8945 261 Tm ( \(23\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 348.8945 260.25 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 228 Tm (Foreign Influence Mitigating Condition 1)Tj ET 0 G q 1 0 0 1 16 227.25 cm 0 0 m 199.307 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 215.3066 228 Tm (.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 218.3066 232.5 Tm ( \(24\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG q 1 0 0 1 218.3066 231.75 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 236.9878 228 Tm ( )Tj (Applicant contends the record evidence shows that he met his burden of)Tj -18.416 -1.125 Td (showing that his ties to)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 9.472 0 Td (two sisters in Iran are mitigated under Foreign Influence Mitigating Con\ dition 1 and that the)Tj -9.472 -1.125 Td (Administrative Judge failed to offer a satisfactory)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 20.132 0 Td (explanation for his conclusion that Foreign Influence Mitigating)Tj -20.132 -1.125 Td (Condition 1 does not apply. )Tj 11.333 0 Td (This claim is not persuasive.)Tj -11.333 -2.125 Td (Applicant argues the Administrative Judge should have applied Foreign In\ fluence Mitigating Condition 1 because: \(a\))Tj 0 -1.125 TD (the decision )Tj 5.054 0 Td (fails to)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 3 0 Td (show the Judge considered the record evidence in this case; \(b\) the ap\ plication of Foreign Influence)Tj -8.054 -1.125 Td (Mitigating Condition 1 by Hearing Office)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 16.997 0 Td (Judges "has been irregular and inconsistent"; \(c\) Hearing Office Judge\ s have)Tj -16.997 -1.125 Td (issued favorable decisions in other cases involving applicants)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 24.827 0 Td (with family ties in Iran "similar to or greater than)Tj -24.827 -1.125 Td (Applicant's"; \(d\) Applicant's sisters in Iran are not agents of a fore\ ign power; \(e\) since)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 34.674 0 Td (Applicant cannot trust the Iranian)Tj -34.674 -1.125 Td (government to honor any coercive or non-coercive agreement involving his\ family members, Applicant)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 41.653 0 Td (cannot be)Tj -41.653 -1.125 Td (placed in a position to choose between his family members in Iran or his\ obligations to protect classified U.S.)Tj T* (information; \(f\) if the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 8.831 0 Td (Iran government were to approach Applicant in a coercive or non-coercive\ manner, then the only)Tj -8.831 -1.125 Td (choice Applicant has would be to report the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 17.717 0 Td (contact to U.S. authorities; \(g\) the record evidence shows Applicant h\ as a)Tj ET q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 12 0 0 12 16 40.5 Tm (history of reporting foreign contacts to appropriate persons; \(h\) the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 26.992 0 Td (record evidence shows "Applicant is in the unique)Tj ET EMC Q endstream endobj 69 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[536.0 647.0 554.0 658.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 70 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[153.0 605.0 171.0 616.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 71 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[460.0 588.0 478.0 599.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 72 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[509.0 504.0 527.0 515.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 73 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[56.0 462.0 74.0 473.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 74 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[348.0 258.0 366.0 269.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 75 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[218.0 230.0 236.0 241.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 16 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 3/Type/Page>> endobj 76 0 obj [78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R 82 0 R 83 0 R 84 0 R 85 0 R] endobj 77 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (03-06174.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (Computer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archiv\ ed%20-%20HTML/03-06174.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([6/24/2021 3:13:08 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 755.25 Tm (Second, Applicant cites no legal authority for the proposition that an a\ gency or department cannot enforce a regulation,)Tj ET Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 741.75 Tm (directive, or policy)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 7.831 0 Td (memorandum unless any interpretation or implementation of the regulation\ , directive, or policy)Tj -7.831 -1.375 Td (memorandum is reviewed by higher-level)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 16.967 0 Td (officials or published before becoming effective.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 453.5078 729.75 Tm ( \(10\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 453.5078 729 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 472.189 725.25 Tm ( )Tj (Indeed, acceptance of)Tj -38.016 -1.125 Td (Applicant's argument would result in the untenable result that )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 24.869 0 Td (no)Tj /TT0 1 Tf /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (provision of the Directive could be interpreted or)Tj -24.869 -1.125 Td (applied until the interpretation or implementation of each provision was\ reviewed by higher-level DoD officials or)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (published.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Third, although Applicant concedes that Board decisions interpreting the\ ASDC3I memorandum are publicly available,)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Applicant makes no)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 8.248 0 Td (cogent argument for how the public availability of Board decisions is no\ t sufficient to place him on)Tj -8.248 -1.375 Td (reasonable notice of the Board's)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 13.037 0 Td (interpretation of the ASDC3I memorandum.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 385.3926 633.75 Tm ( \(11\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 385.3926 633 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 603.75 Tm (\(b\) )Tj (Whether Applicant was denied due process because he was not told by DoD \ that he had to relinquish his Iranian)Tj ET 0 G q 1 0 0 1 32.9922 603 cm 0 0 m 538.846 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 16 590.25 Tm (passport to the issuing)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC ET q 1 0 0 1 16 589.5 cm 0 0 m 109.998 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 125.998 590.25 Tm (authority)Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 125.998 589.5 cm 0 0 m 43.324 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 169.3223 590.25 Tm (. )Tj (Applicant contends he was denied due process because he was not told by \ DoD that he)Tj -12.777 -1.125 Td (had to surrender his Iranian passport to the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 17.329 0 Td (issuing authority, asserting that he was denied a fair opportunity to pr\ esent a)Tj -17.329 -1.125 Td (defense. )Tj (This contention is not persuasive.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (There is no question that Applicant was entitled to receive reasonable n\ otice of the reasons why DOHA proposed to)Tj 0 -1.375 TD (deny or revoke access to)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 10.079 0 Td (classified information, as well as a reasonable opportunity to respond.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 472.5273 525.75 Tm ( \(12\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG q 1 0 0 1 472.5273 525 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 491.2085 521.25 Tm ( )Tj (In this case,)Tj -39.601 -1.125 Td (Applicant received an SOR about five months prior to)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 21.912 0 Td (the hearing. )Tj 4.97 0 Td (He also received a copy of the ASDC3I)Tj -26.882 -1.125 Td (memorandum prior to the hearing, although the date is unclear from the r\ ecord. )Tj 31.961 0 Td (The)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (concept of due process does not)Tj -31.961 -1.125 Td (obligate DoD to provide an applicant with a road map on how an applicant\ can develop or present evidence)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 43.235 0 Td (that might)Tj -43.235 -1.375 Td (extenuate or mitigate conduct or circumstances that raise security conce\ rns.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 378.5195 468.75 Tm ( \(13\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 378.5195 468 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 438.75 Tm (To use an analogy: Due process requires a criminal)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 20.743 0 Td (defendant to receive adequate notice of the charges being made)Tj -20.743 -1.125 Td (against the defendant, and a reasonable opportunity to respond to those)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 28.659 0 Td (charges and present a defense. )Tj 12.383 0 Td (However, due)Tj -41.042 -1.125 Td (process does not obligate the government to issue with the criminal indi\ ctment a roadmap of)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 37.241 0 Td (defenses that the criminal)Tj -37.241 -1.125 Td (defendant might raise in response to the criminal charges alleged in the\ criminal indictment. )Tj 37.071 0 Td (Although a criminal)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 8.304 0 Td (statute)Tj -45.375 -1.125 Td (must be clear enough to allow a reasonable person to understand what con\ duct is prohibited, there is no due process)Tj T* (requirement that)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 6.831 0 Td (such a statute specify potential defenses to any criminal charge brought\ under the statute.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 525.8242 372.75 Tm ( \(14\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 525.8242 372 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 354.75 Tm (Acceptance of Applicant's argument would have)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 19.673 0 Td (the practical effect that )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 9.438 0 Td (no)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( SOR could be issued by DOHA without)Tj -29.111 -1.125 Td (including a detailed explanation to each applicant as to what specific)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 27.74 0 Td (defense\(s\) could be raised under each Guideline)Tj -27.74 -1.125 Td (alleged in the SOR, including which general factors \(Directive, Section\ 6.3; Directive,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 34.767 0 Td (Adjudicative Guidelines, Item)Tj -34.767 -1.125 Td (E2.2.1\) or provisions of the Adjudicative Guidelines the applicant migh\ t be entitled to invoke in extenuation or)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (mitigation.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (2. )Tj (Whether the Administrative Judge erred by concluding Applicant has not m\ itigated the security concerns raised by)Tj ET 0 G q 1 0 0 1 28 274.5 cm 0 0 m 550.834 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 16 261.75 Tm (the presence of)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC ET q 1 0 0 1 16 261 cm 0 0 m 75.627 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 91.627 261.75 Tm (immediate family members in Iran)Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 91.627 261 cm 0 0 m 166.611 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 258.2383 261.75 Tm (. )Tj (The Administrative Judge concluded that Applicant had not)Tj -20.187 -1.125 Td (mitigated the security concerns raised under)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 17.882 0 Td (Guideline B \(Foreign Influence\) by the presence of his two sisters liv\ ing in)Tj -17.882 -1.125 Td (Iran. )Tj (Applicant contends: \(a\) DoD is treating U.S. citizens of)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 24.577 0 Td (Iranian origin in a discriminatory manner; \(b\) the Judge's)Tj -24.577 -1.125 Td (decision shows there is selective application or enforcement of the Dire\ ctive; \(c\) the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 33.904 0 Td (Judge failed to consider all the)Tj -33.904 -1.125 Td (record evidence and apply the whole person concept in this case; and \(d\ \) the Judge should have applied)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 41.597 0 Td (Foreign)Tj -41.597 -1.125 Td (Influence Mitigating Conditions 1, 3, and 4 and concluded he had success\ fully mitigated the security concerns under)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Guideline B.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (\(a\) Applicant's claim that his case is being handled in a discriminato\ ry manner seeks to have the Board exercise)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (jurisdiction and authority that)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 12.109 0 Td (it does not have under the Directive. )Tj 14.773 0 Td (Applicant's claim is predicated on factual assertions)Tj -26.882 -1.375 Td (that go beyond the record in his case, and the Board)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 20.994 0 Td (cannot consider new evidence on appeal.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 464.5059 129.75 Tm ( \(15\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG q 1 0 0 1 464.5059 129 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 483.187 125.25 Tm ( )Tj (Moreover, Applicant's)Tj -38.932 -1.125 Td (claim seeks to have the Board review the action of DoD personnel that ar\ e)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 29.989 0 Td (not subject to review by the Board. )Tj 14.274 0 Td (The)Tj -44.264 -1.125 Td (Board does not have supervisory jurisdiction over: \(i\) DoD personnel w\ ho refer cases to DOHA; \(ii\))Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 40.379 0 Td (DOHA personnel)Tj -40.379 -1.125 Td (who issue SORs; \(iii\) Department Counsel who appear at hearings and pr\ esent evidence in support of SOR allegations;)Tj 0 -1.375 TD (or)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (\(iv\) Hearing Office Administrative Judge's who conduct hearings and is\ sue security clearance decisions.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 529.9961 72.75 Tm ( \(16\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 529.9961 72 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 54.75 Tm (Furthermore, DOHA proceedings)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (are intended to adjudicate the security eligibility of individual applic\ ants, not entertain)Tj ET q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 12 0 0 12 16 38.25 Tm (or adjudicate claims that would cover whole classes of)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 22.076 0 Td (applicants.)Tj ET Q BT 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 332.5645 42.75 Tm ( \(17\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 332.5645 42 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 351.2456 38.25 Tm ( )Tj (In view of the foregoing reasons, the Board)Tj ET EMC Q endstream endobj 78 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[453.0 727.0 471.0 738.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 79 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[385.0 631.0 403.0 642.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 80 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[472.0 523.0 490.0 534.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 81 0 obj 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730 re W n BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 755.25 Tm (case; and \(b\) he was denied due process because he was not told by DoD\ that he had to)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 35.072 0 Td (relinquish his Iranian passport to)Tj ET Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 741.75 Tm (the issuing authority.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (\(a\) )Tj (Whether the Board's decisions interpreting the ASDC3I memorandum were wr\ ongly decided or need to be modified)Tj ET 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 32.3184 715.5 cm 0 0 m 558.34 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 16 699.75 Tm (to reflect situations)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC ET q 1 0 0 1 16 699 cm 0 0 m 94.975 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 110.9746 699.75 Tm (such as those Applicant's case)Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 110.9746 699 cm 0 0 m 144.123 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 255.0977 699.75 Tm (.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 258.0977 704.25 Tm ( \(3\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG q 1 0 0 1 258.0977 703.5 cm 0 0 m 13.806 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 271.9038 699.75 Tm ( )Tj (The ASDC3I memorandum states, in relevant part, "Therefore,)Tj -21.325 -1.125 Td (consistent application of the guideline)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 15.468 0 Td (requires that any clearance be denied or revoked unless the applicant )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 27.738 0 Td (surrenders)Tj -43.206 -1.125 Td (the foreign passport)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( or obtains official approval for its use)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 23.607 0 Td (from the appropriate agency of the United States)Tj -23.607 -1.125 Td (Government" \(italics added\). )Tj 11.849 0 Td (Applicant is correct in noting that the Board has interpreted)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 24.048 0 Td (the term "surrender" in the)Tj -35.897 -1.375 Td (ASDC3I memorandum as meaning surrender of the foreign passport to the is\ suing authority.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 460.9141 647.25 Tm ( \(4\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 460.9141 646.5 cm 0 0 m 13.806 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 474.7202 642.75 Tm ( )Tj (Applicant makes)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 7.248 0 Td (several)Tj -45.475 -1.125 Td (arguments in support of his contention those Board decisions interpretin\ g the ASDC3I )Tj 34.828 0 Td (memorandum were wrongly)Tj -34.828 -1.125 Td (decided or need)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 6.58 0 Td (to be modified. )Tj 6.332 0 Td (Specifically, Applicant argues the Board's decisions: \(i\) impose a req\ uirement that is not)Tj -12.912 -1.125 Td (required by the Directive or the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 12.828 0 Td (ASDC3I memorandum concerning foreign passports; \(ii\) fail to take into\ account)Tj -12.828 -1.125 Td (situations where the issuing authority does not permit a)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 22.357 0 Td (person to surrender a foreign passport; and \(iii\) do not permit an)Tj -22.357 -1.125 Td (Administrative Judge to exercise reasonable discretion to consider recor\ d)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 29.573 0 Td (evidence that a foreign country does not)Tj -29.573 -1.125 Td (permit an applicant to surrender a foreign passport.)Tj T* (Applicant is correct in noting that the Directive is silent on the matte\ r of surrendering a foreign passport. )Tj 42.071 0 Td (However, the)Tj -42.071 -1.125 Td (matter of surrendering)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 9.191 0 Td (a foreign passport is explicitly covered by the ASDC3I memorandum. )Tj 28.299 0 Td (Therefore, there is no)Tj -37.49 -1.125 Td (basis for Applicant's assertion that the Board has)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 19.731 0 Td (imposed its own requirement that a foreign passport be surrendered.)Tj -19.731 -1.125 Td (Furthermore, to the extent that Applicant's argument implicitly)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 25.369 0 Td (challenges the surrender requirement in the ASDC3I)Tj -25.369 -1.125 Td (memorandum because it does not appear in the Directive, that argument fa\ ils to take into)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 35.766 0 Td (account the provision of the)Tj -35.766 -1.375 Td (Directive that authorizes the issuance of policy guidance such as the AS\ DC3I memorandum.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 460.873 470.25 Tm ( \(5\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 460.873 469.5 cm 0 0 m 13.806 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 474.6792 465.75 Tm ( )Tj (The Board will)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 6.554 0 Td (not)Tj -44.777 -1.375 Td (presume to question the authority of the ASDC3I to issue the memorandum \ )Tj 30.495 0 Td (concerning foreign passports.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 523.5684 453.75 Tm ( \(6\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 523.5684 453 cm 0 0 m 13.806 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 423.75 Tm (The Board will not recapitulate its reasoning for concluding that the te\ rm "surrender" in the ASDC3I memorandum)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (means surrender of a)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 8.607 0 Td (foreign passport to the issuing authority because that reasoning has bee\ n set forth in earlier)Tj -8.607 -1.375 Td (decisions.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 63.6602 398.25 Tm ( \(7\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 63.6602 397.5 cm 0 0 m 13.806 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 77.4663 393.75 Tm ( )Tj (Applicant relies to some extent on)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 14.191 0 Td (facts not in evidence and not found as facts by the Administrative Judge\ )Tj -19.313 -1.125 Td (regarding the practices of Iran. )Tj 12.549 0 Td (In this case, there is no evidence)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 13.217 0 Td (Applicant made any effort to surrender his passport to)Tj -25.767 -1.125 Td (Iran. )Tj (Many of Applicant's arguments on appeal are hypothetical at best, since \ they rely)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 34.891 0 Td (on supposition of what might)Tj -34.891 -1.125 Td (have happened if Applicant had attempted surrender of the Iranian passpo\ rt. )Tj 30.655 0 Td (Applicant's arguments raise policy)Tj -30.655 -1.125 Td (questions about the pros and cons of the ASDC3I memorandum that the Boar\ d does not have the authority to address)Tj 0 -1.375 TD (and resolve within the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 9.109 0 Td (limits of its authority under the Directive.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 324.9297 327.75 Tm ( \(8\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 324.9297 327 cm 0 0 m 13.806 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 338.7358 323.25 Tm ( )Tj (Other than disagreeing with the Board's decisions on)Tj -26.895 -1.125 Td (the meaning of "surrender" in the ASDC3I)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 17.34 0 Td (memorandum and making policy arguments that have the practical effect of\ )Tj -17.34 -1.125 Td (asking the Board to make a ruling that goes beyond its limited)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 25.106 0 Td (jurisdiction and authority under the Directive, Applicant)Tj -25.106 -1.375 Td (sets forth no persuasive reason for why the Board should change or modif\ y its earlier)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 34.296 0 Td (decisions.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 475.2168 284.25 Tm ( \(9\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 475.2168 283.5 cm 0 0 m 13.806 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 254.25 Tm (One argument Applicant make warrants further discussion. )Tj 23.882 0 Td (Specifically, Applicant argues that since the word)Tj -23.882 -1.125 Td ("surrender" is not defined in)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 11.563 0 Td (the ASDC3I memorandum, then the Board's interpretation of that term viol\ ates Applicant's)Tj -11.563 -1.125 Td (due process rights unless it has been reviewed by)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 19.912 0 Td (the ASDC3I \(or successor\) or published. )Tj (This argument lacks merit)Tj -19.912 -1.125 Td (for several reasons.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (First, Applicant cites no legal authority for the proposition that an ag\ ency or department must define every term of a)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (regulation, directive, or policy memorandum or face the prospect that it\ s regulation, directive, or policy memorandum)Tj T* (will be legally unenforceable. Moreover, acceptance of such a propositio\ n would result to the absurd result that federal)Tj T* (regulations, directives, and policies would be nullified unless each and\ every one included a definitions section. Not)Tj T* (every term in the U.S. Code has a definition provided by Congress. That \ does not mean that the U.S. Code is)Tj T* (unenforceable until Congress enacts such definitions. Not every term in \ the Directive is defined. That does not mean)Tj T* (that the Directive is unenforceable until definitions for the Directive \ are issued by the Secretary of Defense, Deputy)Tj T* (Secretary of Defense, or DoD personnel authorized to act under Directive\ , Section 5.1. Indeed, acceptance of)Tj T* (Applicant's argument would leave the Board without authority to rule on \ his appeal until the Secretary of Defense,)Tj T* (Deputy Secretary of Defense or other authorized DoD personnel issue defi\ nitions pertinent to the Board's authority)Tj T* (under Directive, Additional Procedural Guidance, Items E3.1.28 through E\ 3.1.35.)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 88 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[258.0 702.0 272.0 713.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 89 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[461.0 645.0 475.0 656.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 90 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[461.0 468.0 475.0 479.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 91 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[523.0 451.0 537.0 462.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 92 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[63.0 396.0 77.0 407.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 93 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[324.0 325.0 338.0 336.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 94 0 obj 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-1.125 Td (or local law is not required because security clearance adjudications ar\ e)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 28.903 0 Td (conducted by the Department of Defense)Tj -28.903 -1.125 Td (pursuant to federal law. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 9.691 0 Td (See)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( U.S. Constitution, Article VI, clause 2 \(Supremacy Clause\). )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 25.828 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf (,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (ISCR Case No. 00-)Tj -35.519 -1.125 Td (0423 \(June 8, 2001\) at p. 3 \(citing Supreme Court decisions\).)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (When an Administrative Judge's factual findings are challenged, the Boar\ d must determine whether "[t]he)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Administrative Judge's findings of)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 14.012 0 Td (fact are supported by such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might \ accept as)Tj -14.012 -1.125 Td (adequate to support a conclusion in light of all the contrary)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 23.854 0 Td (evidence in the same record. )Tj 11.661 0 Td (In making this review, the)Tj -35.516 -1.125 Td (Appeal Board shall give deference to the credibility determinations of t\ he)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 29.684 0 Td (Administrative Judge." )Tj 9.49 0 Td (Directive, Additional)Tj -39.174 -1.125 Td (Procedural Guidance, Item E3.1.32.1. )Tj 15.356 0 Td (The Board must consider not only whether there is)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 20.523 0 Td (record evidence supporting a)Tj -35.879 -1.125 Td (Judge's findings, but also whether there is evidence that fairly detract\ s from the weight of the evidence)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 41.278 0 Td (supporting those)Tj -41.278 -1.125 Td (findings, and whether the Judge's findings reflect a reasonable interpre\ tation of the record evidence as a whole.)Tj T* (Although a)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Judge's credibility determination is not immune from review, the party c\ hallenging a Judge's credibility)Tj T* (determination has a heavy burden on)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 14.995 0 Td (appeal.)Tj -14.995 -2.125 Td (When an appeal issue raises a question of law, the Board's scope of revi\ ew is plenary. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 34.558 0 Td (See)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( DISCR Case No. 87-2107)Tj -34.558 -1.125 Td (\(September 29, 1992\) at)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 9.914 0 Td (pp. 4-5 \(citing federal cases\).)Tj -9.914 -2.125 Td (If an appealing party demonstrates factual or legal error, then the Boar\ d must consider the following questions:)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Is the error harmful or harmless? )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 13.384 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 3.332 0 Td (, ISCR Case No. 00-0250 \(July 11, 2001\) at p. 6 \(discussing harmless \ error)Tj -16.715 -1.125 Td (doctrine\);)Tj T* (Has the nonappealing party made a persuasive argument for how the Admini\ strative Judge's decision can be affirmed on)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (alternate grounds? )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 7.608 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 3.332 0 Td (, ISCR Case No. 99-0454 \(October 17, 2000\) at p. 6 \(citing federal ca\ ses\); and)Tj -10.939 -2.125 Td (If the Administrative Judge's decision cannot be affirmed, should the ca\ se be reversed or remanded? )Tj 40.333 0 Td (\(Directive,)Tj -40.333 -1.125 Td (Additional Procedural)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 9.109 0 Td (Guidance, Items E3.1.33.2 and E3.1.33.3\).)Tj /TT2 1 Tf 11.541 -2.375 Td (Appeal Issues)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg /TT0 1 Tf 9.75 0 0 9.75 334.1487 362.25 Tm ( \(1\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 334.1487 361.5 cm 0 0 m 13.806 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 332.25 Tm (Before addressing the main appeal issues, the Board will discuss a thres\ hold procedural issue raised by a portion of)Tj T* (Applicant's appeal brief,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 10.01 0 Td (which sets forth "findings of fact [that] were not made by the Administr\ ative Judge, but are)Tj -10.01 -1.125 Td (supported by the record evidence." )Tj 14.181 0 Td (Although the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 5.5 0 Td (parties are free -- within the bounds of zealous advocacy -- to argue)Tj -19.68 -1.125 Td (about what the record evidence shows, it is the Administrative Judge,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 28.021 0 Td (not either party, that makes the findings of fact in)Tj -28.021 -1.125 Td (a case. )Tj (Moreover, the Directive authorizes the Board to review a Judge's finding\ s of fact,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 35.778 0 Td (not engage in )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 5.637 0 Td (de novo)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( fact-)Tj -41.416 -1.125 Td (finding. )Tj (Accordingly, the Board will consider Applicant's proffered "findings of \ fact" only to the extent they)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 43.597 0 Td (constitute)Tj -43.597 -1.125 Td (argument about the record evidence in support of any of the specific app\ eal issues raised by Applicant.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (1. )Tj (Whether the Administrative Judge erred by concluding Applicant had not m\ itigated the security concerns raised by)Tj ET 0 G q 1 0 0 1 28 225 cm 0 0 m 552.164 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 16 212.25 Tm (his obtaining an Iranian)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC ET q 1 0 0 1 16 211.5 cm 0 0 m 116.637 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 132.6367 212.25 Tm (passport in 1999)Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 132.6367 211.5 cm 0 0 m 79.33 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 211.9668 212.25 Tm (. )Tj (The Administrative Judge found the following: \(i\) Applicant became a)Tj -16.331 -1.125 Td (naturalized U.S. citizen in 1987; \(ii\) Applicant)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 18.856 0 Td (obtained an Iranian passport in 1999 to enable him to travel to Iran if)Tj -18.856 -1.125 Td (necessary to honor his father's wish to be buried in Iran; \(iii\) Appli\ cant's)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 29.159 0 Td (Iranian passport expired in January 2004)Tj -29.159 -1.125 Td (without him ever using it; \(iv\) Applicant gave the expired Iranian pas\ sport to his company's security)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 40.337 0 Td (officer in July)Tj -40.337 -1.125 Td (2004; and \(v\) the company security officer shredded Applicant's Irania\ n passport in July 2004. )Tj 38.087 0 Td (The Judge held that prior)Tj -38.087 -1.375 Td (Board)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (decisions concerning the application of an August 2000 memorandum concer\ ning foreign passports)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 526.5391 146.25 Tm ( \(2\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG q 1 0 0 1 526.5391 145.5 cm 0 0 m 13.806 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 128.25 Tm (\(hereinafter "ASDC3I memorandum"\))Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 15.617 0 Td (precluded him from concluding that Applicant had mitigated the security)Tj -15.617 -1.125 Td (concerns raised under Guideline C \(Foreign Preference\) by his)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 25.297 0 Td (obtaining an Iranian passport in 1999.)Tj -25.297 -2.125 Td (On appeal, Applicant does not challenge the Administrative Judge's findi\ ngs of fact about his Iranian passport.)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (However, Applicant contends)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 12.163 0 Td (the Judge erred by concluding he did not mitigate the security concerns \ raised by his)Tj -12.163 -1.125 Td (possession of an Iranian passport. )Tj (In support of this)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (contention, Applicant asserts: \(a\) the Board's decisions interpreting)Tj 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