%PDF-1.6 % 1 0 obj <> endobj 2 0 obj <>stream 2021-07-02T16:00:44-04:00 2021-07-02T16:00:43-04:00 2021-07-02T16:00:44-04:00 Adobe Acrobat 17.0 application/pdf 97-0184.a1 uuid:2e1677eb-da98-441a-bf0b-8a822035982a uuid:1fdd0ae2-16ea-4bd6-86c1-ec3fb56ff65a Acrobat Web Capture 15.0 endstream endobj 5 0 obj <> endobj 6 0 obj <> endobj 3 0 obj <> endobj 7 0 obj <> endobj 8 0 obj <> endobj 18 0 obj <>>> endobj 19 0 obj <> endobj 20 0 obj <> endobj 22 0 obj [21 0 R 21 0 R] endobj 23 0 obj [21 0 R 21 0 R] endobj 24 0 obj [21 0 R 21 0 R] endobj 25 0 obj [21 0 R 21 0 R] endobj 26 0 obj [21 0 R 21 0 R] endobj 21 0 obj <><><><><><><><>]/P 19 0 R/Pg 13 0 R/S/Article>> endobj 13 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 0/Type/Page>> endobj 27 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (97-0184.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/97-0184.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([7/2/2021 4:00:44 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f 0.604 g q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 734.2497 cm 0 0 m 0.75 -0.75 l 579 -0.75 l 579.749 0 l h f Q 0.933 g q 1 0 0 1 16.7499 733.5 cm 0 0 m -0.75 -0.75 l 579 -0.75 l 578.25 0 l h f Q 0.604 g q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 732.7503 cm 0 0 m 0.75 0.75 l 0 1.499 l h f Q 0.933 g q 1 0 0 1 594.9999 733.5 cm 0 0 m 0.75 -0.75 l 0.75 0.75 l h f Q 0.604 g q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 618.75 cm 0 0 m 0.75 -0.75 l 579 -0.75 l 579.749 0 l h f Q 0.933 g q 1 0 0 1 16.7499 618.0003 cm 0 0 m -0.75 -0.751 l 579 -0.751 l 578.25 0 l h f Q 0.604 g q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 617.2497 cm 0 0 m 0.75 0.751 l 0 1.5 l h f Q 0.933 g q 1 0 0 1 594.9999 618.0003 cm 0 0 m 0.75 -0.751 l 0.75 0.75 l h f Q /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 749.25 Tm (DATE: June 16, 1998)Tj 0 -3.25 TD (In Re:)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (------------------------)Tj T* (SSN: -----------)Tj T* (Applicant for Security Clearance)Tj 0 -3.25 TD (ISCR Case No. 97-0184)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 10.934 -2.125 Td (APPEAL BOARD DECISION AND ORDER FOR REMAND)Tj 9.5 -2.125 Td (APPEARANCES)Tj ET 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 261.2061 543 cm 0 0 m 89.338 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 247.375 518.25 Tm (FOR GOVERNMENT)Tj /TT0 1 Tf -4.193 -2.125 Td (Melvin A. Howry, Esq., Department Counsel)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 4.971 -2.125 Td (FOR APPLICANT)Tj /TT0 1 Tf -0.291 -2.125 Td (Larry H. Layton, Esq.)Tj -19.769 -2.125 Td (Administrative Judge Wilford H. Ross issued a decision, dated February 1\ 1, 1998, in which he concluded it is clearly)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (consistent with the national interest to grant or continue a security cl\ earance for)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Applicant. )Tj 36.515 0 Td (Department Counsel)Tj -36.515 -1.125 Td (appealed. )Tj 4.053 0 Td (The Board remands the case to the Administrative Judge for further proce\ ssing consistent with the rulings and)Tj -4.053 -1.125 Td (instructions set forth in this Decision and Order)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (for Remand.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (This Board has jurisdiction on appeal under Executive Order 10865 and De\ partment of Defense Directive 5220.6, dated)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (January 2, 1992, as amended.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Department Counsel's appeal presents the following issues: \(1\) whether\ the Administrative Judge erred by finding)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Government Exhibit 1 was obtained under circumstances reflecting duress \ and)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (disregarding it as not a credible)Tj T* (statement; \(2\) whether the Administrative Judge's favorable credibilit\ y determination of Applicant is sustainable; and)Tj T* (\(3\) whether the Administrative Judge's conclusions)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (are arbitrary, capricious, or contrary to law.)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 0 -2.125 TD (Procedural History)Tj /TT0 1 Tf T* (The Defense Office of Hearings and Appeals issued to Applicant a Stateme\ nt of Reasons \(SOR\), dated April 7, 1997.)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (The SOR was based on Criterion D \(Sexual Behavior\), Criterion E \(Pers\ onal)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Conduct\), and Criterion J \(Criminal)Tj T* (Conduct\). )Tj (The SOR alleged that Applicant engaged in criminal sexual conduct in Mar\ ch 1986 and January 1996, and)Tj T* (falsely denied to government investigators in)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (November 1987 and December 1996 that he had engaged in such criminal)Tj T* (sexual conduct.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (A hearing was held on August 26, 1997. )Tj (The Administrative Judge later issued a written decision in which he con\ cluded)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (it is clearly consistent with the national interest to grant or continue\ a security)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (clearance for Applicant. )Tj 41.208 0 Td (The case is)Tj -41.208 -1.125 Td (before the Board on Department Counsel's appeal from that favorable deci\ sion.)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 0 -2.125 TD (Appeal Issues)Tj /TT0 1 Tf T* (1. )Tj (Whether the Administrative Judge erred by finding Government Exhibit 1 w\ as obtained under circumstances)Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 28 61.5 cm 0 0 m 522.85 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 16 48.75 Tm (reflecting duress and disregarding it as not a credible statement)Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 16 48 cm 0 0 m 302.895 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 318.8945 48.75 Tm (. )Tj (At the hearing,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Department Counsel proffered)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 28 0 obj <> endobj 29 0 obj (k#QI\\؞) endobj 30 0 obj <> endobj 31 0 obj <> endobj 34 0 obj <> endobj 35 0 obj <>stream H\j0E -EpDLYA~cORC#YRA-mhzǶioMK3mTm7|Sٙ,%^OphMQ#xuGZck{u?z۱],l{-Oj!my_G)/ک͇2U[++e8)YbP;N?Te4E8-MNK✜)xFف,`O9y~"?%xE^5xCNnnnnnn>>¾} xAA/BOS)t nnnnn>stream H|y|LY^SM"ؒWUKMhz&mmZfڴ ," Aڄn$%V;[bMжFt%Us =t9s={HEfuԖ(ȍfHz)P7O2w0m&V qѱB{"k ~ں"*ЄQn @fCb% y[DJyӭbaptJ剛3^&?0u4g([R5IJ Xn.Vm5}j֮S^``4a4h of?s>iO۴m׾C:uk{?/{}ջO? 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Williams)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 12.498 0 Td (, 507 U.S. 680, 693-94 \(1993\). )Tj (However, the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (absence of any advisement of )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 30.243 0 Td (Miranda)Tj /TT0 1 Tf -42.741 -1.125 Td (rights is irrelevant in DOHA proceedings because interviews in security \ clearance cases do not involve custodial)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (interrogation by law enforcement officers. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 17.16 0 Td (See)Tj /TT0 1 Tf /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (ISCR Case No. 94-0722 \(September 28, 1995\) at p. 5)Tj -17.16 -2.125 Td (3. )Tj (An Administrative Judge's decision can be arbitrary and capricious if: i\ t does not examine relevant evidence; it fails)Tj T* (to articulate a satisfactory explanation for its conclusions, including \ a rational)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (connection between the facts found and)Tj T* (the choice made; it does not consider relevant factors; it reflects a cl\ ear error of judgment; it fails to consider an)Tj T* (important aspect of the case; it offers an)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (explanation for the decision that runs contrary to the record evidence; \ or it is so)Tj T* (implausible that it cannot be ascribed to a mere difference of opinion. \ )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 28.073 0 Td (See Motor Vehicle Mfrs. Ass'n v. State Farm)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (utual)Tj -28.073 -1.125 Td (Automobile Insurance Co.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 10.526 0 Td (, 463 U.S. 29, 43 \(1983\). )Tj /TT1 1 Tf (Accord)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( ISCR Case No. 95-0600 \(May 16, 1996\) at p. 4.)Tj -10.526 -2.125 Td (4. )Tj (If Department Counsel does not present evidence that supports a controve\ rted SOR allegation, then the applicant need)Tj T* (not present any evidence concerning that allegation because there is not\ hing the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (applicant has to rebut, explain,)Tj T* (extenuate or mitigate. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 8.941 0 Td (See)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( DISCR Case No. 90-1524 \(April 29, 1993\) at p. 3 n.4 \("If Department \ Counsel fails to)Tj -8.941 -1.125 Td (present sufficient evidence to prove controverted facts,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Applicant is not under any legal obligation to disprove the)Tj T* (controverted SOR allegations."\). )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 13.322 0 Td (Cf.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( ISCR Case No. 97-0595 \(May 22, 1998\) at p. 5 \(Judge need not conside\ r whether)Tj -13.322 -1.125 Td (applicant has taken)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (steps to mitigate particular set of facts or circumstances if the Judge \ has not made threshold finding)Tj T* (that such facts or circumstances exist\); ISCR Case No. 97-0016 \(Decemb\ er 31, 1997\) at p. 3 \("If)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Department Counsel)Tj T* (failed to prove controverted SOR allegations, the Judge would have been \ obligated to enter findings in favor of)Tj T* (Applicant with respect to such unproven allegations."\).)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (5. )Tj (Indeed, Judge did that in this case. )Tj 15.024 0 Td (However, the Judge erred when he found the misconduct alleged in the SOR\ did)Tj -15.024 -1.125 Td (not happen but then found Applicant had "successfully mitigated the Gove\ rnment's)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (case." )Tj 36.126 0 Td (As stated in footnote 4 above,)Tj -36.126 -1.125 Td (issues in mitigation are not raised if the Judge makes the initial findi\ ng that the conduct in controversy did not take)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (place.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (6. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 4.332 0 Td (, ISCR Case No. 97-0299 \(December 11, 1997\) at p. 2 \("[T]he Judge mus\ t based his or her findings and)Tj -4.332 -1.125 Td (conclusions on the record evidence and reasonable inferences drawn from \ that evidence."\).)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 39 0 obj <> endobj 40 0 obj <> endobj 41 0 obj <>stream H\n@E|E/EM YrDb|7ˍ2 5]u(nʟih6cdZs;XVif,ʼyLvPԵ+˔nn /Ǔ߻r;[­Vc.7gsa~==}U2elZKMVuplߛT^^,-!o[J~3[\ɏ`O`! 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(@yRB>jOx>5q,;Op .)O{/[Ϻ-b)h 9F1~-z+ -2|~T|DYk0'$}`U<}\36gaHӁ[t  <|R=:7VXt Wr7Fw(#xvxP`pГ@n ÝKȅρFȕu}5:J WkjrU-n+2QCD$VۅPt3p:vg4((iHB2cvIUkvItp<_J㤹ic*`㲡G̒@6=Ihc4Ye`ug9@F!h2FE(e4Xf7yJ91rsL92~čns7/W) PAFoa>C݁T}֋ Epk1QOw7'wuPut5 i,czP,U:+L'\ `kS`]8srf `\wyy ̮`"C)XGfA@_y}vMOOg2S%4WYw/&}SbPl rATu{SyǎY ˢbSo3_Vu ̼Gg4ΰA>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 3/Type/Page>> endobj 43 0 obj [45 0 R 46 0 R] endobj 44 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (97-0184.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/97-0184.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([7/2/2021 4:00:44 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 755.25 Tm (find that the evidence presented by an applicant successfully explained,\ rebutted or)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (refuted the evidence presented)Tj ET Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 738.75 Tm (against that applicant.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 120.9648 743.25 Tm (\(5\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 120.9648 742.5 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 132.3335 738.75 Tm ( )Tj /TT1 1 Tf (See Black's Law Dictionary)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 11.323 0 Td ( \(6th edition, West Publishing Co., 1990\) at pp. 1189-1190)Tj -21.017 -1.125 Td (\(definitions of "prima facie," "prima facie case," and "prima facie evi\ dence"\). Accordingly, the Board rejects)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Department Counsel's argument that once the Judge found Department Couns\ el had presented evidence supporting the)Tj T* (controverted SOR)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (allegation, the Judge was legally or logically precluded from finding th\ at Applicant successfully)Tj T* (rebutted or refuted the evidence against him. )Tj 18.104 0 Td (However, because of the errors identified elsewhere in this)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (decision, the)Tj -18.104 -1.125 Td (Board cannot sustain the Judge's finding that Applicant successfully reb\ utted or refuted the evidence against him.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Department Counsel's second argument has merit. )Tj 20.314 0 Td (It was arbitrary, capricious, and contrary to law for the)Tj -20.314 -1.125 Td (Administrative Judge to suggest \(Decision at footnote 4\) the decisions\ to investigate Applicant)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (and issue the SOR were)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (improperly motivated by an impermissible animus against Applicant's sexu\ al orientation. )Tj 35.923 0 Td (First, Applicant did not raise)Tj -35.923 -1.125 Td (the issue of impermissible animus in response to the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (SOR or at the hearing. )Tj 30.356 0 Td (Indeed, Applicant's defense to the SOR)Tj -30.356 -1.125 Td (allegations was inconsistent with raising any such defense. )Tj 23.745 0 Td (Second, the Judge's suggestion is based on mere conjecture,)Tj -23.745 -1.375 Td (lacks any basis in)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (the record evidence,)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 200.2598 579.75 Tm (\(6\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 200.2598 579 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 211.6284 575.25 Tm ( and ignores the legal principle that there is a rebuttable presumption \ of good)Tj -16.302 -1.125 Td (faith and regularity on the part of government officials. )Tj 22.326 0 Td (Third, the Judge's supposition is untenable)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (because the security)Tj -22.326 -1.125 Td (significance of allegations of falsification and criminal sexual miscond\ uct do not, logically or legally, turn or depend on)Tj T* (the sexual orientation of an applicant. )Tj 15.3 0 Td (Regardless of an)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (applicant's sexual orientation, acts of falsification raise serious)Tj -15.3 -1.125 Td (questions about an applicant's suitability for access to classified info\ rmation and can warrant an adverse security)Tj T* (clearance decision. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 7.856 0 Td (See,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC /TT0 1 Tf (e.g., ISCR Case No. 96-0525 \(June 17, 1997\)\(falsification concerning \ sexual abuse of)Tj -7.856 -1.125 Td (granddaughter\); DISCR Case No. 93-1314 \(October 25, 1994\)\(falsificat\ ion concerning criminal heterosexual)Tj T* (misconduct\). )Tj 5.443 0 Td (Regardless of an applicant's sexual orientation, acts of criminal sexual\ misconduct raise serious questions)Tj -5.443 -1.125 Td (about an applicant's suitability for access to classified information an\ d can)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (warrant an adverse security clearance)Tj T* (decision. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 3.833 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 3.332 0 Td (, ISCR Case No. 96-0461 \(December 31, 1997\)\(sexual misconduct with ad\ ult woman\); ISCR Case)Tj -7.164 -1.125 Td (No. 96-0587 \(March 24, 1997\)\(sexual)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (misconduct with minor boy\); ISCR Case No. 95-0912 \(February 27, 1997\)\ \(sexual)Tj T* (exhibitionism\); ISCR Case No. 95-0817 \(February 21, 1997\)\(sexual mis\ conduct with minor stepdaughter\). )Tj 42.966 0 Td (The)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Judge's)Tj -42.966 -1.125 Td (imputation of bad faith on the part of the government lacks any basis in\ law or the record evidence. )Tj 39.932 0 Td (To the extent the)Tj -39.932 -1.125 Td (Judge's favorable decision is based on his unsustainable finding of bad)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (faith, it is arbitrary, capricious, and contrary to)Tj T* (law.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Department Counsel's third argument also has merit. )Tj 21.287 0 Td (As discussed earlier in this decision, the Administrative Judge's)Tj -21.287 -1.125 Td (finding of duress in connection with Government Exhibit 1 and his favora\ ble)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (credibility determination are legally)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (flawed and cannot be sustained. )Tj 12.996 0 Td (Because the Judge's favorable findings and conclusions are based on his \ rejection of)Tj -12.996 -1.125 Td (Government Exhibit 1 and his favorable)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (credibility determination, they cannot be sustained on appeal.)Tj /TT2 1 Tf 0 -2.125 TD (Conclusion)Tj /TT0 1 Tf T* (Department Counsel has met its burden of demonstrating harmful error. )Tj 28.965 0 Td (Pursuant to Item 33.b. of the Additional)Tj -28.965 -1.125 Td (Procedural Guidance, the Board remands the case to the Administrative Ju\ dge. )Tj 31.74 0 Td (After)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (correction of the errors identified)Tj -31.74 -1.125 Td (in this decision, the Judge must issue a new decision )Tj 21.247 0 Td (consistent with the requirements of Items 35 and 25 of the)Tj -21.247 -1.125 Td (Additional Procedural Guidance.)Tj T* (Signed: )Tj ET 0 G q 1 0 0 1 16 202.5 cm 0 0 m 39.668 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 55.668 203.25 Tm (Emilio Jaksetic)Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 55.668 202.5 cm 0 0 m 73.652 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 16 177.75 Tm (Emilio Jaksetic)Tj T* (Administrative Judge)Tj T* (Chairman, Appeal Board)Tj T* (Signed: )Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 16 100.5 cm 0 0 m 39.668 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 55.668 101.25 Tm (Michael Y. Ra'anan)Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 55.668 100.5 cm 0 0 m 95.127 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 16 75.75 Tm (Michael Y. Ra'anan)Tj T* (Administrative Judge)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 45 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[120.0 741.0 131.0 752.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 46 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[200.0 577.0 211.0 588.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 15 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 2/Type/Page>> endobj 47 0 obj [49 0 R 50 0 R] endobj 48 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (97-0184.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/97-0184.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([7/2/2021 4:00:44 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 755.25 Tm (The Administrative Judge's credibility determinations must be given defe\ rence on appeal. )Tj 36.114 0 Td (Directive, Additional)Tj ET Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 741.75 Tm (Procedural Guidance, Item 32.a. )Tj 13.189 0 Td (However, the deference owed to a Judge's credibility)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (determinations does not)Tj -13.189 -1.125 Td (immunize them from review, nor does it preclude the Board from concludin\ g that a challenged credibility determination)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (cannot be sustained. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 8.331 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf (, ISCR Case No. 97-0356)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (\(April 21, 1998\) at p. 3; ISCR Case No. 96-0360 \(September 25,)Tj -8.331 -1.125 Td (1997\) at p. 3. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf (See also Paredes-Urrestarazu v. U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Serv\ ice)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 36.802 0 Td (, 36 F.3d 801, 818 \(9th Cir.)Tj -36.802 -1.125 Td (1994\)\(factual)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (finding is not rendered unassailable merely because trier of fact indica\ tes the finding is based on)Tj T* (demeanor of witness\).)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (An Administrative Judge's credibility determinations are entitled to def\ erence because the Judge has the opportunity to)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (personally observe and assess the demeanor of an applicant while the app\ licant is)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (testifying at the hearing. )Tj 42.764 0 Td (However, a)Tj -42.764 -1.125 Td (Judge cannot rely solely on his or her assessment of an applicant's hear\ ing testimony when making a credibility)Tj T* (determination about the applicant. )Tj 13.912 0 Td (As the Supreme)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Court has noted:)Tj -13.912 -2.125 Td ("[T]he trial judge may [not] insulate his findings from review by denomi\ nating them credibility determinations, for)Tj T* (factors other than demeanor and inflection go into the decision whether \ or not to)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (believe a witness. )Tj 39.766 0 Td (Documents or)Tj -39.766 -1.125 Td (objective evidence may contradict the witness' story; or the story may b\ e so internally inconsistent or implausible on its)Tj T* (face that a reasonable fact-finder would not)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (credit it. )Tj 21.212 0 Td (Where such factors are present, the court of appeals may well find)Tj -21.212 -1.125 Td (clear error even in a finding purportedly based on a credibility determi\ nation." )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 31.591 0 Td (Anderson v. City of Bessemer)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 11.803 0 Td (, 470 U.S.)Tj -43.395 -1.125 Td (564,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (575 \(1985\).)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (In this case, the Judge's favorable assessment of Applicant's credibilit\ y is flawed because it erroneously limits itself to)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (considering Applicant's hearing testimony and ignores record evidence th\ at clearly)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (detracts from that testimony. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 45.083 0 Td (See)Tj /TT0 1 Tf -45.083 -1.125 Td (Directive, Additional Procedural Guidance, Item 32.a. \("The Appeal Boar\ d shall . . . determine whether or not: The)Tj T* (Administrative Judge's findings of fact are)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (supported by such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as\ )Tj T* (adequate to support a conclusion in light of all the contrary evidence i\ n the same record. . . ."\).)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (As discussed earlier, the Administrative Judge's finding that Applicant'\ s written statement \(Government Exhibit 1\) was)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (given under duress is legally and factually flawed. )Tj 20.354 0 Td (On its face, that written)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (statement seriously detracts from a finding)Tj -20.354 -1.125 Td (that Applicant's testimony was credible or consistent with his prior sta\ tements. )Tj 31.674 0 Td (Moreover, )Tj (the Judge's favorable)Tj -31.674 -1.125 Td (credibility determination is not saved by his)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (conclusions that Applicant successfully withstood cross-examination or t\ hat)Tj T* (his wife and best friend "confirmed circumstantial parts of the Applican\ t's testimony." )Tj 34.682 0 Td (The portions of their testimony)Tj -34.682 -1.125 Td (cited)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (by the Judge were trivial, tangential to the issues of the case, and ess\ entially unsupportive of the important aspects)Tj T* (of Applicant's testimony.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (The Administrative Judge's favorable assessment of Applicant's credibili\ ty is not sustainable on the record evidence as a)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (whole, or for the reasons given in the Judge's decision.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (3. )Tj (Whether the Administrative Judge's conclusions are arbitrary, capricious\ , or contrary to law)Tj ET 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 28 264 cm 0 0 m 440.35 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 468.3496 264.75 Tm (. )Tj (Department Counsel)Tj -37.696 -1.125 Td (contends that the Administrative Judge's conclusions are arbitrary, capr\ icious, or)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (contrary to law. )Tj 39.058 0 Td (In support of that)Tj -39.058 -1.125 Td (contention, Department Counsel argues: \(a\) the Administrative Judge er\ red by finding that Department Counsel had)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (presented a )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 4.775 0 Td (prima facie)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 4.583 0 Td ( case against Applicant,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (but then concluding that Applicant did not engage in the conduct alleged\ )Tj -9.358 -1.125 Td (in the SOR; \(b\) the Judge erred by suggesting the investigation of App\ licant and the issuance of the SOR were)Tj T* (improperly)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (motivated; and \(c\) the Judge's favorable conclusions under Criteria E,\ D, and J are not supported by the)Tj T* (record evidence. )Tj 6.857 0 Td (For the reasons that follow, the Board concludes some of Department Coun\ sel's)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (arguments have)Tj -6.857 -1.375 Td (merit.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 44.3242 171.75 Tm (\(3\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG q 1 0 0 1 44.3242 171 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 141.75 Tm (The reasoning of Department Counsel's first argument is legally flawed b\ ecause the logical structure of the)Tj T* (Administrative Judge's analysis is legally sound. )Tj 19.65 0 Td (Department Counsel has the obligation to)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (present evidence to support)Tj -19.65 -1.125 Td (contested SOR allegations. )Tj 11.054 0 Td (Directive, Additional Procedural Guidance, Item 14. )Tj 21.243 0 Td (Once Department Counsel has)Tj -32.297 -1.375 Td (presented evidence to support contested SOR allegations,)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 291.5957 102.75 Tm (\(4\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 291.5957 102 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q BT 0 g /Span<>> BDC 12 0 0 12 302.9644 98.25 Tm ( )Tj EMC (the burden shifts to the applicant to present evidence that)Tj -23.914 -1.125 Td (either: \(a\) rebuts the evidence against him, or \(b\) extenuates or mi\ tigates proven conduct. )Tj 35.932 0 Td (Directive, Additional)Tj -35.932 -1.125 Td (Procedural Guidance, Item 15. )Tj 12.496 0 Td (If an applicant presents evidence that successfully rebuts or refutes th\ e evidence)Tj -12.496 -1.125 Td (presented against the applicant, then the Judge can find that the allege\ d conduct did not occur. )Tj 37.876 0 Td (It is legally permissible)Tj -37.876 -1.125 Td (for a Judge to find that Department Counsel presented evidence that supp\ orts controverted SOR allegations, yet also)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 49 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[44.0 169.0 55.0 180.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 50 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[291.0 100.0 302.0 111.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 14 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 1/Type/Page>> endobj 51 0 obj [53 0 R 54 0 R] endobj 52 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (97-0184.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/97-0184.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([7/2/2021 4:00:44 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 755.25 Tm (Government Exhibit 1, a written statement signed by Applicant in Decembe\ r 1996, which was admitted into evidence.)Tj ET Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 738.75 Tm (A Special Agent of the Defense Investigative)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Service)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 272.2422 743.25 Tm (\(1\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 272.2422 742.5 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 283.6108 738.75 Tm ( and Applicant testified about the December 1996 interview)Tj -22.301 -1.125 Td (which led to the creation and execution of Government Exhibit 1. )Tj 26.492 0 Td (The Administrative Judge found Government Exhibit)Tj -26.492 -1.125 Td (1 was not a)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (credible statement. )Tj 12.579 0 Td (Department Counsel contends the Judge erred because there is no legal or\ factual)Tj -12.579 -1.125 Td (support for the Judge's finding about Government Exhibit 1. )Tj 24.343 0 Td (Department Counsel's contention is)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (well-founded.)Tj -24.343 -2.125 Td (Because DOHA proceedings are civil, not criminal in nature, the procedur\ al protections available to defendants in)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (criminal proceedings are not applicable. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 16.271 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf (, ISCR Case No. 96-0127 \(July 29,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (1997\) at p. 2; ISCR Case No. 95-)Tj -16.271 -1.125 Td (0818 \(January 31, 1997\) at p. 6. )Tj (In addition, the exclusionary rule is not applicable in DOHA proceedings\ . )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 42.795 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 3.332 0 Td (,)Tj -46.127 -1.125 Td (ISCR Case No. 95-0792 \(June 27, 1996\); DISCR)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Case No. 90-2069 \(March 25, 1992\) at p. 5. )Tj (Accordingly, even in the)Tj T* (face of a claim that an applicant's statement was the product of coercio\ n or duress, an Administrative Judge should not)Tj T* (exclude the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (statement from the record evidence. )Tj 19.436 0 Td (However, if the Judge finds that an applicant's statement was the)Tj -19.436 -1.125 Td (product of coercion or duress, such a finding clearly would go to the we\ ight to which that statement)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (is entitled. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 44.544 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 3.332 0 Td (,)Tj -47.876 -1.125 Td (ISCR Case No. 94-1075 \(August 10, 1995\) at p. )Tj (3; DISCR Case No. 92-0896 \(December 30, 1993\) at p. 4 n.1.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (In reviewing the Administrative Judge's findings about Government Exhibi\ t 1, the Board will consider federal decisions)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (addressing the issue of whether confessions made by criminal defendants \ were)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (the product of coercion or duress.)Tj T* (Because DOHA proceedings are civil in nature, the federal decisions in c\ riminal law cases will be considered as)Tj T* (persuasive authority only. )Tj 10.609 0 Td (For the reasons that follow,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (the Board concludes that under applicable legal principles, the)Tj -10.609 -1.125 Td (record evidence does not support a finding that Applicant's written stat\ ement was the product of coercion or duress.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (In considering whether a confession was voluntary, it is necessary to co\ nsider the totality of the circumstances)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (surrounding that confession. )Tj 11.609 0 Td (Matters pertinent to such an evaluation include: the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (circumstances surrounding the)Tj -11.609 -1.125 Td (interrogation \(including its length and continuity\); the person's matu\ rity; the person's education; the person's physical)Tj 0 -1.375 TD (condition; and the person's mental health or)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (condition. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 21.981 0 Td (Withrow v. Williams)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 8.194 0 Td (, 507 U.S. 680, 693 \(1993\).)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 509.4355 434.25 Tm (\(2\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 509.4355 433.5 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 520.8042 429.75 Tm ( )Tj (Essential to)Tj -42.067 -1.125 Td (any finding that a confession was not voluntary is evidence that the con\ fession was obtained because the actions of the)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (interrogator\(s\) were coercive, oppressive, or reasonably calculated to\ overbear the will of the person making the)Tj T* (confession. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf (Colorado v. Connelly)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 13.415 0 Td (, 479 U.S. 157, 163-64 \(1986\); )Tj /TT1 1 Tf (Miller v. Fenton)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 19.081 0 Td (, 474)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (U.S. 104, 109-110 \(1985\);)Tj /TT1 1 Tf -32.496 -1.125 Td (Lucero v. Kerby)Tj /TT0 1 Tf (, 133 F.3d 1299, 1310-11 \(10th Cir. 1998\);)Tj /TT1 1 Tf ( United States v. Braxton)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 33.635 0 Td (, 112 F.3d 777, 780-81 \(4th Cir.)Tj -33.635 -1.125 Td (1997\)\(en banc\), )Tj /TT1 1 Tf (cert. denied)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 11.301 0 Td (, 118 S.Ct. 192 \(1997\).)Tj -11.301 -2.125 Td (In this case, the Administrative Judge specifically noted that there was\ no evidence that the Special Agent tried to)Tj T* (intimidate Applicant, but found that "under the particular circumstances\ of this case, the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Applicant could reasonably)Tj T* (perceive himself to be under duress." )Tj 15.098 0 Td (There is no record evidence showing that the actions of the Special Agen\ t were)Tj -15.098 -1.125 Td (coercive, oppressive of reasonably calculated to)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (overbear Applicant's will. )Tj 29.974 0 Td (Indeed, the Judge's finding of duress is)Tj -29.974 -1.125 Td (contradicted by the Judge's recognition that there is no record evidence\ that the Special Agent tried to intimidate)Tj T* (Applicant. )Tj 4.443 0 Td (The)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Judge's finding of duress is not based on applicable legal principles no\ r supported by the record)Tj -4.443 -1.125 Td (evidence, and therefore, it cannot be sustained.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (The Administrative Judge's finding of duress was pivotal and essential t\ o his finding that Government Exhibit 1 is not a)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (credible statement. )Tj 7.802 0 Td (Since the Judge's finding of duress is legally and factually)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (flawed, his finding that Government)Tj -7.802 -1.125 Td (Exhibit 1 is not a credible statement cannot be sustained.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (2. )Tj (Whether the Administrative Judge's favorable credibility determination o\ f Applicant is sustainable)Tj ET 0 G q 1 0 0 1 28 177 cm 0 0 m 472.693 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 500.6934 177.75 Tm (. )Tj (The)Tj -40.391 -1.125 Td (Administrative Judge found that Applicant was a credible witness. )Tj 26.827 0 Td (In support of this finding,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (the Judge indicated)Tj -26.827 -1.125 Td (Applicant was "a very credible witness" who gave testimony that "is cons\ istent with his prior statements," and)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (concluded Applicant's "credibility was not shaken by vigorous cross-exam\ ination by the Department Counsel.")Tj T* (Elsewhere in the decision, the Judge noted that Applicant's wife and bes\ t friend "confirmed circumstantial parts of the)Tj T* (Applicant's testimony concerning his)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (ability to repair cars and that he only has one kidney." )Tj 36.913 0 Td (Department Counsel)Tj -36.913 -1.125 Td (contends the Judge's favorable credibility determination should not be s\ ustained because it is not supported by the)Tj T* (record)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (evidence as a whole and the Judge failed to consider Applicant's testimo\ ny in light of record evidence that was)Tj T* (contrary to his testimony. )Tj 10.471 0 Td (For the reasons that follow, the Board finds Department)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Counsel's contention to be)Tj -10.471 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