%PDF-1.6 % 1 0 obj <> endobj 2 0 obj <>stream 2021-07-02T16:01:30-04:00 2021-07-02T16:01:29-04:00 2021-07-02T16:01:30-04:00 Adobe Acrobat 17.0 application/pdf 97-0356.a1 uuid:6a0d92e4-5433-4246-8c55-d2b8e8268df0 uuid:2706cc11-57b5-4a9e-9400-bef4432479f0 Acrobat Web Capture 15.0 endstream endobj 5 0 obj <> endobj 6 0 obj <> endobj 3 0 obj <> endobj 7 0 obj <> endobj 8 0 obj <> endobj 18 0 obj <>>> endobj 19 0 obj <> endobj 20 0 obj <> endobj 22 0 obj [21 0 R 21 0 R] endobj 23 0 obj [21 0 R 21 0 R] endobj 24 0 obj [21 0 R 21 0 R] endobj 25 0 obj [21 0 R 21 0 R] endobj 26 0 obj [21 0 R 21 0 R] endobj 21 0 obj <><><><><><><><>]/P 19 0 R/Pg 13 0 R/S/Article>> endobj 13 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 0/Type/Page>> endobj 27 0 obj [33 0 R] endobj 28 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (97-0356.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/97-0356.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([7/2/2021 4:01:29 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f 0.604 g q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 734.2497 cm 0 0 m 0.75 -0.75 l 579 -0.75 l 579.749 0 l h f Q 0.933 g q 1 0 0 1 16.7499 733.5 cm 0 0 m -0.75 -0.75 l 579 -0.75 l 578.25 0 l h f Q 0.604 g q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 732.7503 cm 0 0 m 0.75 0.75 l 0 1.499 l h f Q 0.933 g q 1 0 0 1 594.9999 733.5 cm 0 0 m 0.75 -0.75 l 0.75 0.75 l h f Q 0.604 g q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 618.75 cm 0 0 m 0.75 -0.75 l 579 -0.75 l 579.749 0 l h f Q 0.933 g q 1 0 0 1 16.7499 618.0003 cm 0 0 m -0.75 -0.751 l 579 -0.751 l 578.25 0 l h f Q 0.604 g q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 617.2497 cm 0 0 m 0.75 0.751 l 0 1.5 l h f Q 0.933 g q 1 0 0 1 594.9999 618.0003 cm 0 0 m 0.75 -0.751 l 0.75 0.75 l h f Q /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 749.25 Tm (DATE: April 21, 1998)Tj 0 -3.25 TD (In Re:)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (-----------------------)Tj T* (SSN: -----------)Tj T* (Applicant for Security Clearance)Tj 0 -3.25 TD (ISCR Case No. 97-0356)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 11.641 -2.125 Td (APPEAL BOARD DECISION AND REVERSAL ORDER)Tj 8.793 -2.125 Td (APPEARANCES)Tj ET 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 261.2061 543 cm 0 0 m 89.338 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 247.375 518.25 Tm (FOR GOVERNMENT)Tj /TT0 1 Tf -4.609 -2.125 Td (Matthew E. Malone, Esq., Department Counsel)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 5.387 -2.125 Td (FOR APPLICANT)Tj /TT0 1 Tf -0.735 -2.125 Td (Jonathan C. Green, Esq.)Tj -19.324 -2.125 Td (Administrative Judge Paul J. Mason issued a decision, dated December 12,\ 1997, in which he concluded it is not clearly)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (consistent with the national interest to grant or continue a security cl\ earance for)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Applicant. )Tj 36.515 0 Td (Applicant appealed. )Tj 8.247 0 Td (For the)Tj -44.762 -1.125 Td (reasons set forth below, the Board reverses the Administrative Judge's d\ ecision.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (This Board has jurisdiction on appeal under Executive Order 10865 and De\ partment of Defense Directive 5220.6)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (\(Directive\), dated January 2, 1992, as amended.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Applicant's appeal presents the issue of whether the Administrative Judg\ e's adverse security clearance decision is)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (arbitrary, capricious, or contrary to law.)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 0 -2.125 TD (Procedural History)Tj /TT0 1 Tf T* (The Defense Office of Hearings and Appeals issued to Applicant a Stateme\ nt of Reasons \(SOR\) dated July 1, 1997. )Tj 46.572 0 Td (The)Tj -46.572 -1.125 Td (SOR was based on Criterion C \(Foreign Preference\) and alleged Applican\ t)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (planned to maintain foreign citizenship and)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (planned to vote in future foreign elections.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (A hearing was held on September 11, 1997. )Tj 17.774 0 Td (The Administrative Judge subsequently issued a written decision, dated)Tj -17.774 -1.125 Td (December 12, 1997, in which he concluded it is not clearly consistent wi\ th the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (national interest to grant or continue a)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (security clearance for Applicant. )Tj 13.299 0 Td (The case is before the Board on Applicant's appeal from that adverse dec\ ision.)Tj /TT1 1 Tf -13.299 -2.375 Td (Appeal Issue)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg /TT0 1 Tf 9.75 0 0 9.75 81.6836 156.75 Tm (\(1\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG q 1 0 0 1 81.6836 156 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 126.75 Tm (Applicant raises several arguments in support of his contention that the\ Administrative Judge's decision should not be)Tj T* (affirmed: \(a\) the Administrative Judge's adverse credibility determina\ tion should)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (not be sustained; \(b\) the Judge's)Tj T* (findings are not supported by such relevant evidence as a reasonable min\ d might accept as adequate to support a)Tj T* (conclusion in light of all the contrary evidence in the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (same record; \(c\) the Judge's decision is based, in part, on conduct)Tj T* (neither charged in the SOR nor proven by Department Counsel; \(d\) the J\ udge failed to completely list Foreign)Tj T* (Preference Mitigating)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Guideline 2 or acknowledge its obvious applicability to Applicant's case\ ; \(e\) the Administrative)Tj T* (Judge's decision is against the manifest weight of the record evidence; \ and \(f\) the Judge's adverse)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (decision is arbitrary)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 29 0 obj <> endobj 30 0 obj (\\\)vpz.0}z) endobj 31 0 obj <> endobj 32 0 obj <> endobj 36 0 obj <> endobj 37 0 obj <>stream H\j0E -EpDLYA~cORC#YRA-mhzǶioMK3mTm7|Sٙ,%^OphMQ#xuGZck{u?z۱],l{-Oj!my_G)/ک͇2U[++e8)YbP;N?Te4E8-MNK✜)xFف,`O9y~"?%xE^5xCNnnnnnn>>¾} xAA/BOS)t nnnnn>stream H|y|LY^SM"WUK Ifhi#A4AZADEHKbNt%Us C}νs}~?@0"٤Y9brbK")FqZ f`/h7(6zð}Z ?m =lPRJjױBti84&Zr; URtjrLl CboL@Hq ˟<<6Y?{~ IbˋbVEƗdF/dY#isRY܄GY%'8:Qsv9NmކQk ~GAB7Fj41_Sʬӻ{xzP+vCPAq5k[lID|YwcvwE׽zw~M̀ظ'$& Z[ԏ5QS<*<&<.=a}YSMgՎPG#Qr,r555R)YJ\z?{Ty)"^ˬ̬\Q9\\ V_hM+V6 vvFX?666uV<,,-7\Q2^KHYV[6Z:Z[Y,&rkkMKŊMomw_$He._HW|| &b^0g *_[ 9]%,Ddj!_u=#ehVR#s2-"yysׁZ?w|zBh/;mww)}¥yz]uJXt C&Gt,: 0O3fb!{1r_ϰpe7AbqGq q'qq8(G΢p6LE<#IHb(!1"#1 1PHxq[OO(jc# A*T)Q^WMR@F2a:BGtNQ(*TNg,U9>5tt3y sy 9KEkx gReyUװYMർx=o|.\țx3oDmo\;x'\{> !.|1>'$\VkZ YhȒeedwكY|/%WVʕ|O|o-w.mÏ]KtW磫u\O^Ug|9{{Ϲ\` wҋ "I13&!Ҕ;HG@ `8QRl3_>?<'TtfL0x <4x2:x ox=#|'a1`)a9̂2հPVJ|!kȚ2NcE! 2EI"MHD.1yL2E4ɐ@ )TjPMxJDEIL)JiNIYlʡ\ʣ|CTW֖TSjH15Ԍ^Ԃ^2G+Ԋ^ԆR;jO#uS+_Lݨ;ԋzSK? 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Ra'anan)Tj ET Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 729.75 Tm (Administrative Judge)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Member, Appeal Board)Tj T* (Signed: Jeffrey D. Billett)Tj ET 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 16 678 cm 0 0 m 120.645 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 16 653.25 Tm (Jeffrey D. Billett)Tj T* (Administrative Judge)Tj T* (Member, Appeal Board)Tj T* (1. )Tj (On appeal, Applicant has submitted a document that post-dates the hearin\ g. )Tj 31.464 0 Td (That document constitutes new evidence,)Tj -31.464 -1.125 Td (which the Appeal Board cannot consider. )Tj 16.8 0 Td (Directive, Additional Procedural)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Guidance, Item 29.)Tj -16.8 -2.125 Td (2. )Tj (Applicant's last argument can be readily addressed and dismissed. )Tj 27.617 0 Td (Just as a trial judge is not legally required to follow)Tj -27.617 -1.125 Td (a decision by a colleague in another case, the Administrative Judge in t\ his case)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (was not bound to follow the decision of)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (his colleague in another Criterion C case. )Tj 16.772 0 Td (Nor is the Administrative Judge decision cited by Applicant binding on t\ he)Tj -16.772 -1.125 Td (Board. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf (, ISCR Case No. 97-0289)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (\(January 22, 1998\) at p. 2. )Tj (For purposes of deciding this appeal, the Board)Tj T* (need not address or comment on the decision cited by Applicant.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (3. )Tj ("[A]ccepting educational, medical, or other benefits . . . from a foreig\ n country.")Tj T* (4. )Tj ("[U]sing foreign citizenship to protect financial or business interests \ in another country.")Tj T* (5. )Tj ("[S]eeking or holding political office in the foreign country.")Tj T* (6. )Tj ("[I]ndicators of possible foreign preference . . . occurred before obtai\ ning United States citizenship.")Tj T* (7. )Tj (Whether there is substantial evidence to support an Administrative Judge\ 's findings is a question of law, not one of)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (fact. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 1.999 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 3.332 0 Td (, ISCR Case No. 97-0202 \(January 20, 1998\) at p. 4 n.2. )Tj (The Board)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (will not disturb a Judge's weighing of)Tj -5.33 -1.125 Td (the evidence unless it is arbitrary, capricious, or contrary to law. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 25.936 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 3.332 0 Td (, ISCR Case No. 97-0289 \(January 22, 1998\) at)Tj -29.267 -1.125 Td (pp. 5-6.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (8. )Tj (At the hearing, Applicant attempted to offer evidence about taking this \ oath, but the Administrative Judge sustained)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Department Counsel's objection to it. )Tj 15.122 0 Td (The Board fails to see any legitimate basis)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (for Department Counsel's objection or)Tj -15.122 -1.125 Td (the Judge's ruling in this case. )Tj 12.206 0 Td (It is proper for administrative notice to be taken of pertinent federal \ statutes which either)Tj -12.206 -1.125 Td (of the parties raises. )Tj 8.247 0 Td (Furthermore, given)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (the evidence that Applicant became a naturalized citizen \(Government Ex\ hibit)Tj -8.247 -1.125 Td (3\), there is a rebuttable presumption that Applicant was not allowed to\ become a naturalized U.S. citizen until he took)Tj T* (the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (oath required by federal law. )Tj 13.244 0 Td (Apart from this presumption, Applicant testified that he took the oath.)Tj -13.244 -2.125 Td (9. )Tj (Department Counsel's argument ignores some practical or innocent reasons\ why an applicant might keep possession)Tj T* (of a foreign passport that was obtained before the applicant became a na\ turalized U.S. citizen: keeping it for sentimental)Tj T* (reasons, to have a record of his former citizenship, to have a record of\ foreign travel that occurred before naturalization,)Tj T* (or to have proof of legal entry into the United States. 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Ƅ\+JzD- LUj!f{<#}yŋ },L k :)hvWa^sE>\Úp`%::S緍,7L0ayN<#˲#k<(w+Q%,S:6EQJHa QI C(C:P _{rSYw,U>SeH _SO&p[qFˤu<ḑdkŧM8F7TuFO#V>]]&C\3_*kEsZv7N%WN}R4ۋPl_i D j/Р9GTh# (QA!Qbs &uv]p.%B. ΥH+(P2)4) 4RIabOrlcSgqZ\i(da{WEvuurlRi7n6k$hp ?"pHdZSXS@3s{AHrtu$:ЊU+5lڞYlaLݱ;* (};U) ew$%Z~9\@lvo0IL{ |Ҵcin~*hDm$Wi -Qqko,kD endstream endobj 16 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 3/Type/Page>> endobj 45 0 obj [47 0 R] endobj 46 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (97-0356.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/97-0356.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([7/2/2021 4:01:29 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 755.25 Tm (Applicant renewed or tried to renew)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (the Country X passport after he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. )Tj 41.429 0 Td (Considering the)Tj ET Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 741.75 Tm (record evidence as a whole, the particular facts and circumstances of Ap\ plicant's possession of the Country X passport)Tj 0 -1.375 TD (do not have the security significance attributed to it by Department Cou\ nsel.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 382.5684 729.75 Tm (\(9\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 382.5684 729 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 699.75 Tm (There remains the matter of Applicant's statement in April 1997 that he \ would like to exercise his right to vote in future)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Country X elections as "[his] contribution to democracy in [Country X]" \ \(Government Exhibit 2\). As discussed earlier,)Tj T* (the record evidence shows Applicant voted in Country X elections before \ he became a naturalized U.S. citizen \(Foreign)Tj T* (Preference Mitigating Guideline 2\). Furthermore, the Judge specifically\ found voting in those elections was sanctioned)Tj T* (by the United States \(Foreign Preference Mitigating Guideline 3\). )Tj 26.549 0 Td (In addition, there is no record evidence)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Applicant has)Tj -26.549 -1.125 Td (voted in Country X elections after he became a naturalized U.S. citizen \ in 1991. )Tj 32.239 0 Td (Moreover, Applicant has affirmatively)Tj -32.239 -1.125 Td (stated he no longer intends to vote in Country X elections \(which is)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (supported by his testimony that he cannot vote in)Tj T* (Country X elections because his Country X passport expired\). )Tj 25.05 0 Td (Finally, in light of the Judge's finding that the United)Tj -25.05 -1.125 Td (States sanctioned voting in)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Country X elections, even if Applicant wanted to vote in future Country \ X elections, such an)Tj T* (intention would not currently warrant an adverse security clearance deci\ sion if voting in such elections were)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (sanctioned)Tj T* (by the U.S. government in the future \(Foreign Preference Mitigating Gui\ deline 3\).)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Furthermore, as Applicant points out, the record evidence supports appli\ cation of all four Foreign Preference Mitigating)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Guidelines. )Tj 4.833 0 Td (Although the mere presence or absence of Adjudicative Guidelines)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (is not solely dispositive of a case, the)Tj -4.833 -1.125 Td (applicability of multiple mitigating guidelines cannot be light dismisse\ d. )Tj 29.273 0 Td (The Administrative Judge noted the)Tj -29.273 -1.125 Td (applicability of all the Foreign Preference Mitigating)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Guidelines, but failed to articulate a sustainable basis for his)Tj T* (decision to give them little weight.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (One of Department Counsel's appeal arguments warrants discussion. )Tj 27.701 0 Td (Department Counsel urges the Board to adopt a)Tj -27.701 -1.125 Td (narrow interpretation of Foreign Preference Mitigating Guideline 1 \("[D\ ]ual)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (citizenship is based solely on parents')Tj 0 -1.125 TD (citizenship or birth in a foreign country"\). )Tj 16.959 0 Td (Specifically, Department Counsel cites a passage from an Administrative)Tj -16.959 -1.125 Td (Judge decision in ISCR Case No. 97-0172)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (\(August 13, 1997\) as persuasive authority for the proposition that For\ eign)Tj T* (Preference Mitigating Guideline 1 should be applied only if the applican\ t has never actively engaged in the exercise of)Tj T* (privileges of foreign citizenship. )Tj 13.246 0 Td (The Board finds neither the cited passage nor Department Counsel's argum\ ent)Tj -13.246 -1.125 Td (persuasive. )Tj (Literal acceptance of the cited passage or Department Counsel's argument\ )Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (would result in the untenable)Tj T* (situation that every naturalized U.S. citizen who ever exercised the pri\ vileges of his or her native country prior to)Tj T* (becoming a naturalized U.S. citizen would be )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 18.466 0 Td (ipso facto)Tj /TT0 1 Tf /Span<>> BDC 3.917 0 Td ( )Tj EMC (deemed a security risk. )Tj 9.719 0 Td (Such an interpretation does not comport)Tj -32.102 -1.125 Td (with the meaning or intent of Criterion C and would ignore the plain mea\ ning of Foreign Preference Mitigating)Tj T* (Guideline 2. )Tj 5.193 0 Td (No)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Adjudicative Guideline should be interpreted or construed in a manner th\ at is inconsistent with the)Tj -5.193 -1.125 Td (meaning or intent of a pertinent criterion. )Tj 16.772 0 Td (Nor should an Adjudicative Guideline be interpreted or)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (construed in a manner)Tj -16.772 -1.125 Td (that renders another Adjudicative Guideline meaningless or superfluous. \ )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 29.242 0 Td (See)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( ISCR Case No. 97-0289 \(January 22,)Tj -29.242 -1.125 Td (1998\) at p. 3.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Considering the record evidence as a whole, the totality of the Administ\ rative Judge's identified errors warrants reversal.)Tj /TT2 1 Tf T* (Conclusion)Tj /TT0 1 Tf T* (Applicant has met his burden on appeal of demonstrating harmful error th\ at warrants reversal. )Tj 37.849 0 Td (Pursuant to Item 33.c. of)Tj -37.849 -1.125 Td (the Directive's Additional Procedural Guidance, the Board reverses the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Administrative Judge's December 12, 1997)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (decision.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Signed: Emilio Jaksetic)Tj ET 0 G q 1 0 0 1 16 154.5 cm 0 0 m 113.32 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 16 129.75 Tm (Emilio Jaksetic)Tj T* (Administrative Judge)Tj T* (Chairman, Appeal Board)Tj T* (Signed: Michael Y. Ra'anan)Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 16 52.5 cm 0 0 m 134.795 0 l h S Q EMC endstream endobj 47 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[382.0 727.0 393.0 738.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 15 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 2/Type/Page>> endobj 48 0 obj [50 0 R 51 0 R] endobj 49 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (97-0356.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/97-0356.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([7/2/2021 4:01:29 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 754.5 Tm (appropriate for him to use a passport issued by)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Country X and vote in its elections. )Tj 33.355 0 Td (Furthermore, until Applicant became)Tj ET Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 741 Tm (a naturalized U.S. citizen, his conduct could not reasonably be construe\ d as "indicat[ing] a preference for a foreign)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (country over)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (the United States" within the meaning of Criterion C \(Foreign Preferenc\ e\). )Tj 35.454 0 Td (To hold otherwise could result)Tj -35.454 -1.125 Td (in an untenable situation where a naturalized U.S. citizen would be inel\ igible for a security)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (clearance solely because of)Tj T* (conduct lawfully and properly undertaken prior to becoming a naturalized\ U.S. citizen. )Tj 35.016 0 Td (And, in any event, the federal)Tj -35.016 -1.125 Td (government cannot reasonably expect a foreign national)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (to get and use a U.S. passport or vote in U.S. elections prior to)Tj T* (becoming a naturalized U.S. citizen.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (The Board notes the SOR alleges Applicant plans to maintain foreign citi\ zenship. )Tj 32.854 0 Td (Absent evidence of the exercise of)Tj -32.854 -1.125 Td (dual citizenship or indicia of some affirmative action demonstrating for\ eign)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (preference, mere possession of foreign)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (citizenship by virtue of birth does not fall within the scope of Criteri\ on C.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (The Board finds merit in Applicant's argument that the Administrative Ju\ dge's decision is against the weight of the)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (evidence. )Tj 4.053 0 Td (On appeal, the Board must consider not only whether there is evidence)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (supporting the Judge's findings, but)Tj -4.053 -1.125 Td (also whether there is record evidence that fairly detracts from the weig\ ht of the evidence supporting those findings.)Tj T* (Directive, Additional Procedural Guidance, Item)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (32.a. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 21.937 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 3.332 0 Td (, ISCR Case No. 96-0360 \(September 25, 1997\) at p.)Tj -25.269 -1.375 Td (2.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 25 543 Tm (\(7\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 25 542.25 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 36.3687 538.5 Tm ( )Tj (Using that analysis here, the Board concludes the Judge's findings and c\ onclusions about Applicant's intention to)Tj -1.697 -1.125 Td (prefer the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (interests of Country X over those of the United States cannot be sustain\ ed on the basis of the record evidence)Tj T* (as a whole.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (As discussed earlier, Applicant's use of a Country X passport and voting\ in Country X elections occurred )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 42.282 0 Td (before)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( he)Tj -42.282 -1.125 Td (became a naturalized citizen. )Tj 11.854 0 Td (Furthermore, when Applicant became a naturalized)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (citizen, he had to take an oath in which)Tj -11.854 -1.125 Td (he swore allegiance to the United States and renounced allegiance to any\ foreign leader, state or sovereignty. )Tj 43.789 0 Td (8 U.S.C.)Tj -43.789 -1.375 Td (Section 1448 \(Oath of renunciation and)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (allegiance\).)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 264.2441 447 Tm (\(8\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 264.2441 446.25 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 275.6128 442.5 Tm ( )Tj (Department Counsel presented no evidence that Applicant's oath)Tj -21.634 -1.125 Td (was taken as a sham or that Applicant engaged in any conduct after becom\ ing a naturalized U.S. citizen that was)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (contrary)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (to that oath. )Tj 8.581 0 Td (In addition, Applicant presented evidence \(Applicant Exhibit A\) that h\ e had petitioned the)Tj -8.581 -1.125 Td (government of Country X, asking it to formally recognize his renunciatio\ n of Country X)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (citizenship, which he had by)Tj T* (virtue of being born in Country X \(a step which appears to be more than\ is required of him\). )Tj 37.102 0 Td (There is no record evidence)Tj -37.102 -1.125 Td (that indicates or suggests Applicant's petition was a)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (sham. )Tj 23.454 0 Td (Furthermore, the Judge erred by finding Applicant did not)Tj -23.454 -1.125 Td (express a willingness to renounce his Country X citizenship until he fil\ ed his petition \(Applicant Exhibit A\) with the)Tj T* (government of)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Country X. )Tj 10.859 0 Td (In making that finding, the Judge failed to take into account the oath A\ pplicant took to)Tj -10.859 -1.125 Td (become a naturalized U.S. citizen, an oath which involved Applicant's re\ nunciation of allegiance to)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (any foreign leader,)Tj T* (state or sovereignty. )Tj 8.331 0 Td (Applicant's taking of that oath is evidence of his intent to renounce th\ e citizenship of Country X.)Tj /TT1 1 Tf -8.331 -1.125 Td (Compare Richards v. Secretary of State)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 15.886 0 Td (, 752 F.2d 1413, 1421)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (\(9th Cir. 1985\)\(in case )Tj 18.359 0 Td (involving a U.S. citizen who)Tj -34.245 -1.125 Td (signed Canadian Declaration of Renunciation and Oath of Allegiance, whic\ h had language that parallels U.S. oath of)Tj T* (renunciation and allegiance, the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (court noted that U.S. citizen's voluntary act of signing the Canadian De\ claration)Tj T* (demonstrated his intent to renounce U.S. citizenship\). )Tj 21.717 0 Td (Such evidence supports application of Foreign Preference)Tj -21.717 -1.125 Td (itigating Guideline 4 \("[I]ndividual has expressed a willingness to ren\ ounce dual citizenship"\).)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (The Board does not find persuasive Department Counsel's appeal arguments\ concerning the significance of Applicant's)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (possession and use of a Country X passport. )Tj (It is entirely understandable for)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Applicant to get a Country X passport)Tj T* (while he was a citizen of Country X and not yet a naturalized U.S. citiz\ en. )Tj 29.935 0 Td (The fact that Applicant did so while he was)Tj -29.935 -1.125 Td (located in the United States is of no legal or)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (security significance. )Tj 26.52 0 Td (The relevant fact is that, at the time Applicant)Tj -26.52 -1.125 Td (obtained the passport, he was a citizen of Country X and not yet a natur\ alized U.S. citizen. )Tj 36.461 0 Td (Furthermore, under the)Tj -36.461 -1.125 Td (particular facts of)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (this case, Applicant's possession of the passport does not have the sign\ ificance Department Counsel)Tj T* (asserts. )Tj (Foreign Preference Disqualifying Guideline 2 refers to "possession and/o\ r use of a foreign)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (passport." )Tj 43.778 0 Td (However,)Tj -43.778 -1.125 Td (possession of a foreign passport cannot be considered merely in isolatio\ n. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 29.715 0 Td (See )Tj /TT0 1 Tf (ISCR Case No. 97-0289 \(January 22,)Tj -29.715 -1.125 Td (1998\) at p. 3 \(Adjudicative Guidelines )Tj 15.635 0 Td (should not be)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (considered or construed in isolation\). )Tj 20.746 0 Td (Rather, possession of a)Tj -36.381 -1.125 Td (foreign passport should be analyzed in light of all the facts and circum\ stances, with the adjudicator needing to consider)Tj T* (whether the facts)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (and circumstances of possession reasonably indicate the applicant is dem\ onstrating a foreign)Tj T* (preference within the meaning of Criterion C. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 18.549 0 Td (See also)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( Directive, Section F.3 and Adjudicative Guidelines)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (\(general)Tj -18.549 -1.125 Td (factors for adjudicators to consider\). )Tj 14.772 0 Td (The record evidence shows that Applicant was issued a Country X passport\ in 1989)Tj -14.772 -1.125 Td (and that the passport expired automatically five years later \(Applicant\ )Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Exhibit A\). )Tj 32.906 0 Td (There is no record evidence that)Tj ET q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 12 0 0 12 16 39 Tm (Applicant used the Country X passport after he became a naturalized U.S.\ citizen in 1991, nor any record evidence that)Tj ET EMC Q endstream endobj 50 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[25.0 540.0 36.0 551.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 51 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[264.0 444.0 275.0 455.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 14 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 1/Type/Page>> endobj 52 0 obj [54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R] endobj 53 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (97-0356.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/97-0356.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([7/2/2021 4:01:29 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 755.25 Tm (and capricious when compared to a decision by a different Judge in anoth\ er Criterion C case. )Tj 37.459 0 Td (For the reasons that)Tj ET Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 738.75 Tm (follow, the Board concludes Applicant has met his burden of)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (demonstrating error that warrants reversal.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 515.1836 743.25 Tm (\(2\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 515.1836 742.5 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 713.25 Tm (Applicant contends the Administrative Judge's negative assessment of his\ credibility should not be sustained because the)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Judge failed to properly consider Applicant's "lack of command of the nu\ ances)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (of the English language," the effect of)Tj T* (Applicant's cultural origins on his use of language, and Applicant's ner\ vousness at the hearing, when he was appearing)Tj /TT1 1 Tf T* (pro se)Tj /TT0 1 Tf (. )Tj (An Administrative Judge's)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (credibility determination is entitled to deference on appeal. )Tj 37.698 0 Td (Directive, Additional)Tj -37.698 -1.125 Td (Procedural Guidance, Item 32.a. )Tj 13.189 0 Td (A party seeking to challenge a Judge's credibility determination has a h\ eavy burden on)Tj -13.189 -1.125 Td (appeal. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 3.109 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 3.332 0 Td (, ISCR Case No. 96-0608 \(August 28, 1997\) at p. 3. )Tj (However, the deference owed to credibility)Tj -6.441 -1.125 Td (determinations does not immunize them from review, nor does it preclude \ the Board)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (from concluding )Tj 40.934 0 Td (that a challenged)Tj -40.934 -1.125 Td (credibility determination cannot be sustained. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 18.495 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 3.332 0 Td (, DOHA Case No. 96-0316 \(February 24, 1997\) at p. 3; ISCR)Tj -21.826 -1.125 Td (Case No. 95-0178 \(March 29, 1996\) at pp. 2-3.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (In this case, the record evidence shows that Applicant became a naturali\ zed citizen in 1991, at the age of 26.)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Considering that English was not Applicant's native language and the fac\ t that he did not)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (come to the United States until)Tj T* (1984, his claim of not being entirely fluent in the nuances of the Engli\ sh language is both natural and understandable. )Tj 47.266 0 Td (A)Tj -47.266 -1.125 Td (person who learns a new language later in life)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (reasonably can be expected to have less fluency in the new language and)Tj T* (its nuances than a person who grew up learning that language. )Tj 25.104 0 Td (In assessing an applicant's credibility, some allowance)Tj -25.104 -1.125 Td (must be)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (made for communication problems \(including awkward use of words and phr\ ases and apparent inconsistencies\))Tj T* (that may arise when English is not an applicant's native language. )Tj 26.506 0 Td (A review of the written)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (record and the hearing)Tj -26.506 -1.125 Td (transcript persuades the Board that neither Department Counsel nor the J\ udge gave due consideration to the fact that)Tj T* (English was not Applicant's native language.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (More significantly, the Administrative Judge's decision seems to turn a \ great deal on his negative assessment of)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Applicant's credibility. )Tj 9.373 0 Td (Credibility determinations are important in assessing the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (testimony of an applicant or a witness.)Tj -9.373 -1.125 Td (However, credibility determinations, whether positive or negative, are n\ ot a substitute for record evidence. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 42.874 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf (,)Tj -42.874 -1.125 Td (ISCR Case No. 96-0461 \(December 31,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (1997\) at pp. 3-4. )Tj 23.051 0 Td (Accordingly, the Judge erred when he found, based on his)Tj -23.051 -1.125 Td (negative assessment of Applicant's credibility, that Applicant engaged i\ n some forms of conduct that Applicant denied)Tj T* (he had)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (engaged in. )Tj 7.747 0 Td (There was no record evidence that Applicant engaged in such conduct and \ the Judge's negative)Tj -7.747 -1.125 Td (credibility determination could not substitute for )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 19.663 0 Td (some)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( record evidence that Applicant did the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (things the Judge found he)Tj -19.663 -1.125 Td (did. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf (See )Tj /TT0 1 Tf (DISCR Case No. 87-1983 \(August 29, 1989\) at p. 3 \("An Examiner's disb\ elief of an applicant's denials,)Tj T* (standing alone, is not a legally acceptable substitute for )Tj 22.382 0 Td (some)Tj ET 0 G q 1 0 0 1 284.5879 337.5 cm 0 0 m 25.33 0 l h S Q BT /Span<>> BDC 12 0 0 12 309.918 338.25 Tm ( )Tj EMC (credible evidence in support of the SOR allegations."\))Tj -24.493 -1.125 Td (\(emphasis in original\).)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Applicant persuasively argues that the Administrative Judge erred by bas\ ing his decision, in part, on conduct neither)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (charged in the SOR nor proven by Department Counsel. )Tj 22.717 0 Td (The Judge's citation of)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Foreign Preference Disqualifying)Tj -22.717 -1.375 Td (Guidelines 4,)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 79.9902 273.75 Tm (\(3\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG q 1 0 0 1 79.9902 273 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 91.3589 269.25 Tm ( 6,)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 103.3589 273.75 Tm (\(4\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 103.3589 273 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 114.7275 269.25 Tm ( and 7)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 144.0537 273.75 Tm (\(5\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 144.0537 273 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 155.4224 269.25 Tm ( in his decision was clearly erroneous because the SOR did not allege Ap\ plicant engaged in)Tj -11.619 -1.125 Td (any conduct that fell under those )Tj 13.329 0 Td (guidelines and)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (there is no record evidence to support the application of those)Tj -13.329 -1.125 Td (guidelines. )Tj 4.61 0 Td (Although an SOR is not to be measured against the strict standards of a \ criminal indictment, ISCR Case No.)Tj -4.61 -1.125 Td (95-0817 \(February)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (21, 1997\) at pp. 7-8, a Judge cannot base an adverse security clearance\ decision on uncharged)Tj T* (conduct. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 3.666 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 3.332 0 Td (, ISCR Case No. 96-0869 \(September 11, 1997\) at p. 3 n.1. )Tj 23.886 0 Td (If Department Counsel or the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Judge)Tj -30.883 -1.125 Td (believes that an SOR should be amended to reflect security-significant i\ nformation developed after issuance of the SOR,)Tj T* (they can take steps to do so consistent with the requirements of Item 17\ of)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (the Additional Procedural Guidance. )Tj 44.822 0 Td (And, in)Tj -44.822 -1.125 Td (any event, the absence of record evidence to support application of thos\ e disqualifying guidelines seriously undermines)Tj T* (the Judge's analysis.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Applicant persuasively argues that 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