%PDF-1.6 % 1 0 obj <> endobj 2 0 obj <>stream 2021-07-02T16:04:23-04:00 2021-07-02T16:04:23-04:00 2021-07-02T16:04:23-04:00 Adobe Acrobat 17.0 application/pdf 98-0252.a1 uuid:5ea98e7e-1cc4-4f5f-bb7e-8c45f82b415d uuid:1fcf92a1-4c42-445f-a109-78b2c4217678 Acrobat Web Capture 15.0 endstream endobj 5 0 obj <> endobj 6 0 obj <> endobj 3 0 obj <> endobj 7 0 obj <> endobj 8 0 obj <> endobj 20 0 obj <>>> endobj 21 0 obj <> endobj 22 0 obj <> endobj 24 0 obj [23 0 R 23 0 R] endobj 25 0 obj [23 0 R 23 0 R] endobj 26 0 obj [23 0 R 23 0 R] endobj 27 0 obj [23 0 R 23 0 R] endobj 28 0 obj [23 0 R 23 0 R] endobj 29 0 obj [23 0 R 23 0 R] endobj 30 0 obj [23 0 R 23 0 R] endobj 23 0 obj <><><><><><><><><><><><>]/P 21 0 R/Pg 13 0 R/S/Article>> endobj 13 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 0/Type/Page>> endobj 31 0 obj [37 0 R] endobj 32 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (98-0252.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/98-0252.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([7/2/2021 4:04:23 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f 0.604 g q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 734.2497 cm 0 0 m 0.75 -0.75 l 579 -0.75 l 579.749 0 l h f Q 0.933 g q 1 0 0 1 16.7499 733.5 cm 0 0 m -0.75 -0.75 l 579 -0.75 l 578.25 0 l h f Q 0.604 g q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 732.7503 cm 0 0 m 0.75 0.75 l 0 1.499 l h f Q 0.933 g q 1 0 0 1 594.9999 733.5 cm 0 0 m 0.75 -0.75 l 0.75 0.75 l h f Q 0.604 g q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 618.75 cm 0 0 m 0.75 -0.75 l 579 -0.75 l 579.749 0 l h f Q 0.933 g q 1 0 0 1 16.7499 618.0003 cm 0 0 m -0.75 -0.751 l 579 -0.751 l 578.25 0 l h f Q 0.604 g q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 617.2497 cm 0 0 m 0.75 0.751 l 0 1.5 l h f Q 0.933 g q 1 0 0 1 594.9999 618.0003 cm 0 0 m 0.75 -0.751 l 0.75 0.75 l h f Q /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 749.25 Tm (DATE: September 15, 1999)Tj 0 -3.25 TD (In Re:)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (---------------------)Tj T* (SSN: -----------)Tj T* (Applicant for Security Clearance)Tj 0 -3.25 TD (ISCR Case No. 98-0252)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 11.641 -2.125 Td (APPEAL BOARD DECISION AND REVERSAL ORDER)Tj 8.793 -2.125 Td (APPEARANCES)Tj ET 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 261.2061 543 cm 0 0 m 89.338 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 247.375 518.25 Tm (FOR GOVERNMENT)Tj /TT0 1 Tf -4.664 -2.125 Td (Michael H. Leonard, Esq., Department Counsel)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 5.442 -2.125 Td (FOR APPLICANT)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 0.014 -2.125 Td (Glade F. Flake, Esq.)Tj -20.073 -2.125 Td (Administrative Judge Kathryn M. Braeman issued a decision, dated April 1\ 6, 1999, in which she concluded it is clearly)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (consistent with the national interest to grant or continue a security cl\ earance for Applicant. )Tj 36.515 0 Td (Department Counsel)Tj -36.515 -1.125 Td (appealed. )Tj 4.053 0 Td (For the reasons set forth below, the Board reverses the Administrative J\ udge's decision.)Tj -4.053 -2.125 Td (This Board has jurisdiction on appeal under Executive Order 10865 and De\ partment of Defense Directive 5220.6)Tj T* (\(Directive\), dated January 2, 1992, as amended.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Department Counsel's appeal presents the following issues: \(1\) whether\ the Administrative Judge erred by failing to)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (consider the likelihood of recurrence of Applicant's conduct: \(2\) whet\ her the Administrative Judge erred in applying)Tj T* (pertinent Adjudicative Guidelines; and \(3\) whether the Administrative \ Judge's decision is arbitrary, capricious, or)Tj T* (contrary)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (to law.)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 0 -2.125 TD (Procedural History)Tj /TT0 1 Tf T* (The Defense Office of Hearings and Appeals issued a Statement of Reasons\ \(SOR\) dated October 29, 1998 to)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Applicant. )Tj 4.443 0 Td (The SOR was based on Criterion C \(Foreign Preference\) and Criterion B \ \(Foreign Influence\).)Tj -4.443 -2.125 Td (A hearing was held on February 8, 1999. )Tj 16.607 0 Td (The Administrative Judge subsequently issued a written decision in which\ she)Tj -16.607 -1.125 Td (concluded it is clearly consistent with the national interest to grant o\ r continue a security clearance for Applicant. )Tj 45.567 0 Td (The)Tj -45.567 -1.125 Td (case is before the Board on Department Counsel's appeal from that favora\ ble decision.)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 0 -2.375 TD (Administrative Judge's Findings and Conclusions)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg /TT0 1 Tf 9.75 0 0 9.75 270.0625 143.25 Tm (\(1\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG q 1 0 0 1 270.0625 142.5 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 113.25 Tm (Applicant's father was a U.S. citizen who married Applicant's mother, a \ citizen of a foreign country \(hereinafter FC 1\).)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Applicant's parents moved to the United States after getting married and\ returned to FC 1 two years later. )Tj 42.363 0 Td (Applicant was)Tj -42.363 -1.125 Td (born in FC 1 several years after his parents returned there. )Tj 23.492 0 Td (Applicant is a dual national with U.S. citizenship and FC 1)Tj -23.492 -1.125 Td (citizenship.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (After Applicant's parents divorced, he moved to the United States to liv\ e with his father. )Tj 35.588 0 Td (Applicant's wife was born in)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 33 0 obj <> endobj 34 0 obj (yl^ ȡΞs ) endobj 35 0 obj <> endobj 36 0 obj <> endobj 40 0 obj <> endobj 41 0 obj <>stream H\j0E -EqDL $-dM=I lg\BqMn\z;Iz.Vciᚶ~v>U}[z.+KyHWwjfKj4n>ֻ[.}'5z:DzmcpkS]羪5UY9t壭ew>[l?' 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Billett)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Administrative Judge)Tj T* (Member, Appeal Board)Tj T* (1. )Tj (Department Counsel does not challenge the Administrative Judge's finding\ s and conclusions about Applicant's family)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (ties \(SOR 2.b.\). )Tj (Accordingly, the Board need not address them for purposes of dealing wit\ h this appeal.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (2. )Tj (The Administrative Judge's findings are ambiguous to the extent the Judg\ e found Applicant owns two U.S.)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (corporations, but made other findings that refer to a single U.S. corpor\ ation or company owned by Applicant. )Tj 44.017 0 Td (That)Tj -44.017 -1.125 Td (ambiguity is not relevant to the appeal issues.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (3. )Tj ("[D]ual citizenship is based solely on parents' citizenship or birth in \ a foreign country.")Tj T* (4. )Tj ("[A]ctivity is sanctioned by the United States.")Tj T* (5. )Tj (In other cases that have been appealed, Administrative Judges have appli\ ed Foreign Preference Mitigating Condition)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (3)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (based on reasoning similar to that used by the Judge in this case. )Tj 26.8 0 Td (However, the application of Mitigating Condition 3)Tj -26.8 -1.125 Td (was)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (not at issue in those appeals. )Tj 13.442 0 Td (Accordingly, the Board's decisions in those cases did not constitute a r\ uling by the)Tj -13.442 -1.125 Td (Board)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (with respect to the meaning or application of Mitigating Condition 3.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (6. )Tj ("[I]ndividual has expressed a willingness to renounce dual citizenship."\ )Tj T* (7. )Tj (Contrary to Applicant's contention \(Reply Brief at p. 6\), Applicant's \ answer to the SOR does not contain any)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (statement)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (that Applicant is willing to give up his FC 1 passport or renounce his F\ C 1 citizenship.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (8. )Tj ("[F]oreign financial interests are minimal and not sufficient to affect \ the individual's security responsibilities.")Tj T* (9. )Tj ("[A] substantial financial interest in a country, or in any foreign owne\ d or operated business that could make the)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (individual vulnerable to foreign influence.")Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 18 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 5/Type/Page>> endobj 45 0 obj [48 0 R] endobj 46 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (98-0252.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/98-0252.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([7/2/2021 4:04:23 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 755.25 Tm (Condition 5. )Tj 5.25 0 Td (The Board need not repeat that discussion here.)Tj ET Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 729.75 Tm (\(ii\) The Administrative Judge failed to provide a rational explanation\ for her conclusion that Applicant's significant)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (financial interests in three businesses owned and operated in three fore\ ign countries did not raise security concerns)Tj T* (under)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Criterion C. )Tj 7.554 0 Td (Furthermore, the Judge's analysis of Applicant's financial interests in \ three foreign countries failed to)Tj -7.554 -1.125 Td (consider the significance of those financial interests in conjunction wi\ th Applicant's voluntary procurement and use of)Tj T* (an)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (FC 1 passport. )Tj (The Judge's piecemeal analysis is inconsistent with the requirements of \ Section F.3. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 41.034 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 3.332 0 Td (, ISCR)Tj -44.366 -1.125 Td (Case)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (No. 98-0424 \(July 16, 1999\) at p. 5 \(citing Board decisions for propo\ sition that Administrative Judge must)Tj T* (consider)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (totality of an applicant's conduct\).)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (\(e\) Department Counsel contends the Administrative Judge's reasoning i\ s contrary to the plain language of Foreign)Tj 0 -1.375 TD (Influence Disqualifying Condition 8.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 193.3047 611.25 Tm (\(9\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 193.3047 610.5 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 204.6733 606.75 Tm ( )Tj (The record evidence shows that Applicant has a substantial financial int\ erest in)Tj -15.723 -1.125 Td (three foreign countries in the form of the three businesses he owns and \ operates in those countries. )Tj 39.655 0 Td (Given that evidence,)Tj -39.655 -1.125 Td (the Administrative Judge had to apply Foreign Influence Disqualifying Co\ ndition 8 or give a rational explanation for not)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (doing so. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 7.249 0 Td (, ISCR Case No. 98-0507 \(May 17, 1999\) at p. 6. )Tj (The Judge specifically cited Disqualifying)Tj -7.249 -1.125 Td (Condition)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (8 in her decision. )Tj 11.388 0 Td (Furthermore, although the Judge's reasoning contains errors discussed el\ sewhere in this)Tj -11.388 -1.125 Td (decision, the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Judge did not indicate or suggest that she was ignoring or disregarding \ Disqualifying Condition 8.)Tj T* (Accordingly,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Department Counsel's argument fails to demonstrate error by the Judge on\ this point.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (\(f\) Department Counsel contends the totality of the Administrative Jud\ ge's errors warrant reversal. )Tj 39.613 0 Td (Applicant contends)Tj -39.613 -1.125 Td (that the Administrative Judge did not err. )Tj 16.719 0 Td (In the alternative, Applicant argues that, if the Board concludes the Ju\ dge)Tj -16.719 -1.125 Td (erred,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (the Board should remand the case so the Judge can take further evidence \ about actions Applicant has taken to)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (renounce)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (his FC 1 citizenship and give up his FC 1 passport.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (For the reasons given in this decision, the Board concludes the Administ\ rative Judge committed various errors. )Tj 44.657 0 Td (The)Tj -44.657 -1.125 Td (Board declines to grant Applicant the relief he seeks. )Tj 21.437 0 Td (Applicant had ample opportunity to present evidence under Item)Tj -21.437 -1.125 Td (15)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (of the Additional Procedural Guidance, and he is not entitled to an addi\ tional chance to present further evidence to)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (bolster)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (his case. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 6.609 0 Td (Cf)Tj /TT0 1 Tf (. ISCR Case No. 98-0871 \(January 29, 1998\) at p. 2 \(party not entitle\ d to have another hearing so)Tj -6.609 -1.125 Td (party can)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (present its case once again\).)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (The Board need not decide whether the Administrative Judge's various err\ ors, viewed individually, are harmful. )Tj 45 0 Td (Taken)Tj -45 -1.125 Td (in)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (their entirety, the Judge's errors are harmful and warrant reversal unde\ r the particular facts of this case.)Tj /TT2 1 Tf T* (Conclusion)Tj /TT0 1 Tf T* (Department Counsel has met its burden of demonstrating error that warran\ ts reversal. )Tj 34.406 0 Td (Accordingly, pursuant to Item)Tj -34.406 -1.125 Td (33.c.)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (of the Directive's Additional Procedural Guidance, the Board reverses th\ e Administrative Judge's April 16, 1999)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (decision.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Signed: Emilio Jaksetic)Tj ET 0 G q 1 0 0 1 16 237 cm 0 0 m 113.32 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 16 212.25 Tm (Emilio Jaksetic)Tj T* (Administrative Judge)Tj T* (Chairman, Appeal Board)Tj T* (Signed: Michael Y. Ra'anan)Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 16 135 cm 0 0 m 134.795 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 16 110.25 Tm (Michael Y. 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X(߻ř2ŠF|Pݒy!~ 0)q endstream endobj 48 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[193.0 609.0 204.0 620.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 17 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 4/Type/Page>> endobj 52 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (98-0252.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/98-0252.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([7/2/2021 4:04:23 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 755.25 Tm (\(a\) Department Counsel's reliance on the Board's decision in ISCR Case\ No. 98-0705 \(July 14, 1998\) is misplaced. )Tj 46.213 0 Td (In)Tj ET Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 741.75 Tm (that)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (case, Department Counsel argued that an applicant who expresses a condit\ ional intention of renouncing FC)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (citizenship)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (and giving up an FC passport is indicating a preference to keep his or h\ er job with a defense contractor rather)Tj T* (than a)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (preference for the United States over the FC. )Tj 20.854 0 Td (In deciding that case, the Board did not accept or reject Department)Tj -20.854 -1.125 Td (Counsel's argument, but decided the appeal issues on other grounds. )Tj 27.508 0 Td (Specifically, the Board concluded that the)Tj -27.508 -1.125 Td (Administrative Judge had erred because the record evidence in that case \ was not clear or unequivocal that Applicant)Tj T* (was)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (willing to renounce his FC citizenship and give up his FC passport. )Tj 28.942 0 Td (Department Counsel's argument misses the)Tj -28.942 -1.125 Td (point that)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (is a difference between the nature of the record evidence and the nature\ of an applicant's intention. )Tj 43.662 0 Td (There can)Tj -43.662 -1.125 Td (be clear and)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (unequivocal evidence that an applicant expresses a conditional intention\ to do or refrain from doing a)Tj T* (particular action. )Tj 7.024 0 Td (On the other hand, there can be conflicting and equivocal evidence that \ makes it difficult to discern)Tj -7.024 -1.125 Td (whether or not an)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (applicant is expressing an unconditional or unqualified intention to do \ or refrain from doing a)Tj T* (particular action.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Department Counsel also argues that Applicant's statements of a conditio\ nal willingness to renounce FC 1 citizenship)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (and)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (give up his FC 1 passport tend to undercut the Administrative Judge's co\ nclusion that it is clearly consistent with the)Tj T* (national interest to grant or continue a security clearance for Applican\ t. )Tj 28.766 0 Td (This is persuasive. )Tj 7.666 0 Td (As discussed earlier in this)Tj -36.432 -1.125 Td (decision, the Board concluded the Judge had a sufficient basis to apply \ Foreign Preference Mitigating Condition 4 in)Tj T* (this)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (case. )Tj 3.916 0 Td (However, Adjudicative Guidelines disqualifying or mitigating conditions \ cannot be viewed in isolation, but)Tj -3.916 -1.125 Td (rather)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (must be considered and weighed in light of the record evidence as a whol\ e and in common sense manner. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 45.013 0 Td (See,)Tj -45.013 -1.125 Td (e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf (, ISCR)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Case No. 98-0803 \(August 17, 1999\) at p. 4. )Tj (Accordingly, the ability of the Judge to conclude Mitigating)Tj T* (Condition 4 is)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (applicable does not end the analysis.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (As a matter of common sense \(Directive, Section F.3.\), an unqualified \ or unconditional willingness to renounce foreign)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (citizenship and give up a foreign passport should be given more weight t\ han a qualified or conditional willingness to do)Tj T* (so. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf (Cf. Petition of Naturalization of Kassas)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 17.225 0 Td (, 788 F. Supp. 993 \(M.D. Tenn. 1992\)\(naturalization petition denied w\ here)Tj -17.225 -1.125 Td (petitioner's expressed reservations about bearing arms on behalf of Unit\ ed States under some circumstances)Tj T* (demonstrated)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (petitioner was not able to take naturalization oath without mental reser\ vations\). )Tj 37.572 0 Td (Furthermore, given the)Tj -37.572 -1.125 Td ("clearly consistent)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (with the national interest" standard, an applicant has a heavy burden of\ persuasion to demonstrate)Tj T* (extenuation or)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (mitigation of conduct or circumstances that raise serious concerns about\ the applicant's security)Tj T* (eligibility. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 4.389 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 3.332 0 Td (,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (ISCR Case No. 98-0723 \(June 16, 1999\) at p. 3. )Tj (Considering the record as a whole, the Board)Tj -7.72 -1.125 Td (concludes the Judge gave)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (undue weight to Mitigating Condition 4 under the particular facts of thi\ s case.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (\(b\) Department Counsel contends the Administrative Judge failed to giv\ e due weight to the security significance of)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Applicant's voluntary procurement and use of an FC 1 passport. )Tj 25.758 0 Td (The record evidence shows that Applicant voluntarily)Tj -25.758 -1.125 Td (procured an FC 1 passport for his personal convenience in conducting bus\ iness overseas, and that Applicant used that)Tj T* (FC)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (1 passport in preference to his U.S. passport whenever doing so was conv\ enient to him in entering a foreign country.)Tj T* (When using the FC 1 passport, Applicant was exercising the rights and pr\ ivileges of an FC 1 national, and was holding)Tj T* (himself out to others as an FC 1 national, not a U.S. citizen. )Tj 24.135 0 Td (The Judge acted in an arbitrary and capricious manner by)Tj -24.135 -1.125 Td (giving reduced weight to the significance of Applicant's procurement and\ use of an FC 1 passport because Applicant)Tj T* (was)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (merely acting out of personal convenience. )Tj 19.271 0 Td (The absence of sinister motives did not reduce the negative security)Tj -19.271 -1.125 Td (implications of Applicant's voluntary procurement and use of an FC 1 pas\ sport. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 32.035 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 3.332 0 Td (, ISCR Case No. 98-0419 \(April)Tj -35.367 -1.125 Td (30, 1999\) at p. 8 \(noting negative security implications of voluntary \ exercise of dual citizenship\).)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (\(c\) Security clearance decisions under Executive Order 10865 and the D\ irective are not loyalty determinations. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 44.649 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf (,)Tj -44.649 -1.125 Td (ISCR Case No. 97-0699 \(November 24, 1998\) at p. 3. )Tj (Accordingly, it was arbitrary, capricious, and contrary to law for)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (the Administrative Judge to refer to Applicant's loyalty.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (\(d\) Department Counsel contends the Administrative Judge erred by conc\ luding Applicant's financial interests were not)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (of)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (security concern because the three foreign corporations were not foreign\ owned. )Tj 33.459 0 Td (In support of this contention,)Tj -33.459 -1.125 Td (Department Counsel contends: \(i\) the Judge misapplied Foreign Influenc\ e Mitigating Condition 5; and \(ii\) the Judge)Tj T* (committed a clear error of judgment by taking a narrow view of the evide\ nce to evaluate the security significance of)Tj T* (Applicant's financial interests in three businesses in foreign countries\ .)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (\(i\) The Board has already discussed the Administrative Judge's erroneo\ us application of Foreign Influence Mitigating)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 16 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 3/Type/Page>> endobj 53 0 obj [55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R] endobj 54 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (98-0252.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/98-0252.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([7/2/2021 4:04:23 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 747 Tm (In this case, Applicant's conduct consisted of two elements: use of a fo\ reign passport and active ownership and)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (participation in foreign business activities. )Tj 17.218 0 Td (As to the specific matter of use of a foreign passport by a dual nationa\ l, the)Tj -17.218 -1.125 Td (only situation which the State Department document might be said to sanc\ tion is a dual national's use of a foreign)Tj T* (passport)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (to enter or leave the foreign country of which he is a citizen because t\ he foreign country requires the dual)Tj T* (national to do)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (so. )Tj 7.138 0 Td (In the instant case, Applicant used his FC 1 passport to enter foreign c\ ountries other than FC 1 for his)Tj -7.138 -1.125 Td (convenience. )Tj 5.497 0 Td (Furthermore, the State Department document does not address active owner\ ship and participation in)Tj -5.497 -1.125 Td (foreign business)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (activities. )Tj 10.887 0 Td (In addition, there is no evidence that the federal government approved, \ authorized, consented)Tj -10.887 -1.125 Td (to, or otherwise)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (sanctioned Applicant's actions independently of its general policy on du\ al nationality. )Tj 41.003 0 Td (Accordingly, the)Tj -41.003 -1.125 Td (Administrative)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Judge had no basis in the record evidence to apply Foreign Preference Mi\ tigating Condition 3 to)Tj T* (Applicant's conduct in)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (this case.)Tj 0 -2.375 TD (c. )Tj (Foreign Preference Mitigating Condition 4)Tj ET 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 27.3262 596.25 cm 0 0 m 205.295 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 232.6211 597 Tm (.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 235.6211 601.5 Tm (\(6\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG q 1 0 0 1 235.6211 600.75 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 246.9897 597 Tm ( )Tj (Department Counsel contends the Administrative Judge erred by)Tj -19.249 -1.125 Td (applying Mitigating Condition 4 because: \(i\) the record evidence does \ not support the Judge's finding that Applicant)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (made)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (a "clear statement that he is willing to give up his [FC 1] passport and\ renounce his dual citizenship"; and \(ii\) the)Tj T* (Judge)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (failed to consider the likelihood that Applicant will continue to posses\ s and use his FC 1 passport in connection)Tj T* (with his)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (frequent business trips. )Tj 12.943 0 Td (This contention has mixed merit.)Tj -12.943 -2.125 Td (There is no record evidence that, prior to the hearing, Applicant expres\ sed a willingness or intention to give up his FC 1)Tj 0 -1.375 TD (passport or renounce his FC 1 citizenship.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 217.6328 505.5 Tm (\(7\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 217.6328 504.75 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 229.0015 501 Tm ( At the hearing, Applicant testified that he would not continue to use h\ is FC)Tj -17.75 -1.125 Td (1 passport if doing so would jeopardize his security clearance and that \ he would be willing to give up that passport)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (\(Hearing Transcript at p. 96\). Applicant also testified that he would \ be willing to renounce his FC 1 citizenship if he had)Tj T* (to do so to)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (retain a security clearance \(Hearing Transcript at p. 106\). )Tj 27.572 0 Td (Applicant's statements do not fall to the level of)Tj -27.572 -1.125 Td (conflicting and)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (equivocal statements made by the applicant in ISCR Case No. 98-0507 \(Ma\ y 17, 1999\), cited by)Tj T* (Department Counsel in)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (support of its argument. )Tj 19.33 0 Td (The Board need not agree with the Judge's characterization that)Tj -19.33 -1.125 Td (Applicant made a "clear)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (statement" to conclude Department Counsel's argument falls short of demo\ nstrating the Judge)Tj T* (erred by concluding that)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Applicant's statements were sufficient to allow application of Mitigatin\ g Condition 4.)Tj T* (However, as will be discussed later)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (in this decision, there is merit to Department Counsel's argument concer\ ning the)Tj T* (security significance of Applicant's)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (conditional willingness to renounce his FC 1 citizenship and give up his\ FC 1)Tj T* (passport.)Tj 0 -2.375 TD (d. )Tj (Foreign Influence Mitigating Condition 5)Tj ET 0 G q 1 0 0 1 28 336.75 cm 0 0 m 199.307 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 227.3066 337.5 Tm (.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 230.3066 342 Tm (\(8\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG q 1 0 0 1 230.3066 341.25 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 241.6753 337.5 Tm ( )Tj (Department Counsel contends it was arbitrary and capricious for the)Tj -18.806 -1.125 Td (Administrative Judge to apply Mitigating Condition 5 because: \(i\) it w\ as "illogical" for the Judge to conclude there was)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (no security significance to Applicant's foreign corporations because the\ y were owned by Applicant's U.S. corporation)Tj T* (and/or by Applicant and his wife personally; \(ii\) the Judge's reasonin\ g failed to involve any analysis of the facts and)Tj T* (circumstances of Applicant's foreign interests; and \(iii\) the Judge's \ application of Mitigating Condition 5 is not)Tj T* (supported)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (by the record evidence. )Tj 13.772 0 Td (This contention has merit.)Tj -13.772 -2.125 Td (The specific manner is which Applicant owns the three foreign corporatio\ ns is legally and logically irrelevant to)Tj T* (whether)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Applicant's interests in those corporations was "minimal" under Mitigati\ ng Condition 5. )Tj 38.907 0 Td (The Administrative)Tj -38.907 -1.125 Td (Judge's)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (consideration of Mitigating Condition 5 also failed to take into account\ the record evidence as a whole, as)Tj T* (required by)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Section F.3. )Tj 9.887 0 Td (The record evidence as a whole indicates Applicant's financial interests\ in the three foreign)Tj -9.887 -1.125 Td (corporations are)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (far from "minimal." )Tj 14.922 0 Td (Accordingly, the Judge's application of Mitigating Condition 5 was arbit\ rary and)Tj -14.922 -1.125 Td (capricious.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (3. )Tj (Whether the Administrative Judge's decision is arbitrary, capricious, or\ contrary to law)Tj ET 0 G q 1 0 0 1 28 150.75 cm 0 0 m 417.035 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 445.0352 151.5 Tm (. )Tj (Department Counsel also)Tj -35.753 -1.125 Td (contends the Administrative Judge's decision is arbitrary, capricious, o\ r contrary to law because: \(a\) Applicant has)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (expressed only a conditional willingness to renounce his FC 1 citizenshi\ p; \(b\) the Judge failed to give due weight to the)Tj T* (security significance of Applicant's voluntary procurement and use of an\ FC 1 passport; \(c\) the Judge improperly)Tj T* (injected)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Applicant's loyalty into her analysis; \(d\) the Judge erred by concludi\ ng Applicant's financial interests were not)Tj T* (of security)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (concern because the three foreign corporations were not foreign owned; \(\ e\) the Judge's analysis of)Tj T* (Applicant's financial)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (interests in other countries failed to consider Foreign Influence Disqua\ lifying Condition 8; and \(f\))Tj T* (the totality of the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Judge's errors warrant reversal.)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 55 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[235.0 599.0 246.0 610.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 56 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[217.0 503.0 228.0 514.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 57 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[230.0 339.0 241.0 350.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 15 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 2/Type/Page>> endobj 58 0 obj [60 0 R 61 0 R 62 0 R] endobj 59 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (98-0252.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/98-0252.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([7/2/2021 4:04:23 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 755.25 Tm (merit.)Tj ET Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 726.75 Tm (a. )Tj (Foreign Preference Mitigating Condition 1)Tj ET 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 27.3262 726 cm 0 0 m 205.295 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 232.6211 726.75 Tm (.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 235.6211 731.25 Tm (\(3\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG q 1 0 0 1 235.6211 730.5 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 246.9897 726.75 Tm ( )Tj (Department Counsel argues the Administrative Judge erred in applying)Tj -19.249 -1.125 Td (itigating Condition 1 because Applicant exercised dual citizenship when \ he voluntarily obtained and used an FC 1)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (passport. )Tj (This argument has merit.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (A copy of Applicant's FC 1 passport was admitted into evidence. )Tj 26.231 0 Td (In that passport, Applicant is clearly identified as an)Tj -26.231 -1.125 Td (FC)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (1 national. )Tj 5.944 0 Td (Furthermore, there is no dispute Applicant used his FC 1 passport on var\ ious business trips to foreign)Tj -5.944 -1.125 Td (countries other than FC 1. )Tj 10.665 0 Td (By obtaining and using an FC 1 passport, Applicant engaged )Tj 24.58 0 Td (in the exercise of the rights and)Tj -35.245 -1.125 Td (privileges of an FC 1 citizen. )Tj 11.858 0 Td (By doing so, Applicant clearly was engaged in the exercise of dual citiz\ enship. )Tj 31.796 0 Td (Therefore,)Tj -43.654 -1.125 Td (the Administrative Judge acted in an arbitrary and capricious manner whe\ n she applied Mitigating Condition 1 in this)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (case.)Tj 0 -2.375 TD (b. )Tj (Foreign Preference Mitigating Condition 3)Tj ET 0 G q 1 0 0 1 28 577.5 cm 0 0 m 205.295 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 233.2949 578.25 Tm (.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 236.2949 582.75 Tm (\(4\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG q 1 0 0 1 236.2949 582 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 247.6636 578.25 Tm ( )Tj (Department Counsel argues the Administrative Judge erred in applying)Tj -19.305 -1.125 Td (itigating Condition 3 because: \(i\) the Judge's application of Mitigati\ ng Condition 3 in this case renders meaningless the)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (government's concerns about foreign preference, is illogical, and is con\ trary to prior Board rulings; and \(ii\) the Judge's)Tj T* (application of Mitigating Condition 3 is not supported by the record evi\ dence.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (\(i\) Department Counsel's references to a prior Board decision are not \ persuasive. )Tj 32.53 0 Td (First, the Board decision specifically)Tj -32.53 -1.125 Td (cited by Department Counsel in support of its arguments does not address\ Mitigating Condition 3, directly or indirectly.)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Accordingly, the Administrative Judge's application of Mitigating Condit\ ion 3 -- even if erroneous -- cannot fairly be)Tj T* (said to be contrary to the Board's rulings in that case.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Second, Department Counsel's reliance on a cited Board decision is mispl\ aced for another reason. )Tj 39.334 0 Td (Department Counsel)Tj -39.334 -1.125 Td (correctly notes the cited decision states the general principle that the\ legality of an applicant's conduct does not preclude)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (the government from deciding whether an applicant's conduct has security\ significance. )Tj 35.279 0 Td (However, the Board's)Tj -35.279 -1.125 Td (observation in that case is irrelevant if the )Tj 16.994 0 Td (record evidence shows that an applicant's conduct was sanctioned by the \ U.S.)Tj -16.994 -1.125 Td (government within the meaning of Mitigating Condition 3. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 23.803 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 3.332 0 Td (, ISCR Case No. 98-0320 \(April 8, 1999\) at p. 3)Tj -27.134 -1.125 Td (\(general legal principles do not apply when there is a specific provisi\ on of law that covers an issue in a case\). )Tj 43.93 0 Td (To the)Tj -43.93 -1.125 Td (extent that Mitigating Condition 3 can be applied properly in a case, th\ ere is nothing illogical about a Judge doing so in)Tj T* (a)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Criterion C case.)Tj 0 -2.375 TD (\(ii\) This is the first case before the Board that requires it to addre\ ss and interpret Mitigating Condition 3.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 517.5449 327.75 Tm (\(5\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 517.5449 327 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 528.9136 323.25 Tm ( )Tj (For the)Tj -42.743 -1.125 Td (reasons that follow, the Board concludes the Administrative Judge erred \ by applying Mitigating Condition 3.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Merely because an applicant's conduct is legal it does not follow that t\ he applicant's conduct has been sanctioned by the)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (federal government within the meaning of Mitigating Condition 3. )Tj 26.828 0 Td (Merely because the federal government has not)Tj -26.828 -1.125 Td (criminalized or civilly prohibited a particular type of conduct does not\ mean that the federal government has approved,)Tj T* (authorized, consented to, or otherwise sanctioned that conduct. )Tj 25.409 0 Td (What is required under Mitigating Condition 3 is)Tj -25.409 -1.125 Td (evidence)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (that the federal government has indicated that it affirmatively approves\ , authorizes, consents to, or otherwise)Tj T* (sanctions a)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (particular type of act or conduct, either as part of an official policy \ or with respect to a particular applicant.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Department Counsel correctly notes that the record contains a State Depa\ rtment document which addresses dual)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (nationality. )Tj 4.777 0 Td (Department Counsel cites a portion of that document which states "the U.\ S. Government does not endorse)Tj -4.777 -1.125 Td (dual nationality as a matter of policy because of the problems which it \ may cause." )Tj 33.453 0 Td (However, the same document also)Tj -33.453 -1.125 Td (acknowledges "The laws of the United States, no less than those of other\ countries, contribute to the situation because)Tj T* (they provide for acquisition of U.S. citizenship by birth in the United \ States and also by birth abroad to an American,)Tj T* (regardless of the other nationalities which a person might acquire at bi\ rth." )Tj 30.149 0 Td ([The State Department document goes on to)Tj -30.149 -1.125 Td (cite two examples of situations where American law helps create dual nat\ ionality issues.] )Tj 35.933 0 Td (The cited language and other)Tj -35.933 -1.125 Td (portions demonstrate that, to some extent, the State Department document\ can be construed to support both sides of the)Tj T* (general question of U.S. government sanctioning of the status of dual na\ tionality. )Tj 32.743 0 Td (However, the legality of the status of)Tj -32.743 -1.125 Td (dual nationality and its recognition by the federal government is not th\ e issue here. )Tj 33.352 0 Td (Under Criterion C, the issue is not)Tj -33.352 -1.125 Td (whether an applicant is a dual national, but rather whether an applicant\ shows a preference for a foreign country through)Tj T* (actions. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 3.333 0 Td (See)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( various Foreign Preference Disqualifying Conditions.)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 60 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[235.0 729.0 246.0 740.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 61 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[236.0 580.0 247.0 591.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 62 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[517.0 325.0 528.0 336.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 14 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 1/Type/Page>> endobj 63 0 obj [65 0 R] endobj 64 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (98-0252.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/98-0252.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([7/2/2021 4:04:23 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 755.25 Tm (FC)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (1, but is a U.S. citizen. )Tj 10.805 0 Td (Applicant has three children born in the United States who are U.S. citi\ zens.)Tj ET Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 729.75 Tm (Applicant is the president and owner of two U.S. corporations. )Tj 25.3 0 Td (Applicant is a major stockholder of three foreign)Tj -25.3 -1.125 Td (corporations. )Tj 5.499 0 Td (Applicant and his wife own 90% of Corporation 1, and another individual \ owns the remaining 10%.)Tj -5.499 -1.125 Td (Applicant incorporated Corporation 1 in FC 1 based on legal advice. )Tj 27.66 0 Td (The products of Corporation 1 are sold to FC 1's)Tj -27.66 -1.125 Td (military and never go outside FC 1; Applicant monitors sales to ensure n\ one go to countries that are inimical to the)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (United)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (States. )Tj 5.86 0 Td (Applicant incorporated Corporation 2 in FC 3 based on legal advice. )Tj 27.66 0 Td (Corporation 2 is owned 95% by)Tj -33.52 -1.125 Td (Applicant's)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (U.S. corporation and 5% by another individual. )Tj 23.981 0 Td (Corporation 2 provides services using parts purchased from)Tj -23.981 -1.125 Td (Applicant's)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (U.S. owned company in the United States. )Tj 21.982 0 Td (Applicant incorporated Corporation 3 in FC 4 as required by FC)Tj -21.982 -1.125 Td (4 law. )Tj (Corporation 3 is owned by Applicant's U.S. corporation and Applicant him\ self. )Tj 34.646 0 Td (Applicant has sold equipment to)Tj -34.646 -1.375 Td (FC 1)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (and FC 4. )Tj (All three foreign corporations support Applicant's U.S. corporation.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 417.4375 623.25 Tm (\(2\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 417.4375 622.5 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 593.25 Tm (Applicant and his wife inherited an apartment in FC 1 from his wife's mo\ ther.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Applicant's financial interests in foreign countries do not raise securi\ ty concerns under Criterion B.)Tj T* (Applicant obtained an FC 1 passport in December 1996 to expedite his tra\ vel overseas, especially his arrival in FC 4.)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Applicant would often experience a two to three-hour wait in line if he \ used his U.S. passport when entering FC 4. )Tj 46.045 0 Td (So,)Tj -46.045 -1.125 Td (when entering FC 4, Applicant used his U.S. passport when there was no l\ ine, but used his FC 1 passport when there)Tj T* (was)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (a line. )Tj 4.499 0 Td (Applicant used his FC 1 passport to enter another foreign country becaus\ e there was a line, but he has never)Tj -4.499 -1.125 Td (used)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (his FC 1 passport to enter FC 1.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Applicant does not maintain dual citizenship to protect financial intere\ sts in foreign countries. )Tj 37.823 0 Td (Applicant did not obtain)Tj -37.823 -1.125 Td (an)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (FC 1 passport because he had a preference for FC 1 over the United State\ s; 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