%PDF-1.6 % 1 0 obj <> endobj 2 0 obj <>stream 2021-07-02T16:04:27-04:00 2021-07-02T16:04:27-04:00 2021-07-02T16:04:27-04:00 Adobe Acrobat 17.0 application/pdf 98-0331.a1 uuid:ca6e4ae3-4a91-4cdb-9772-4947b0accacb uuid:91c49dcd-b011-42b1-a295-9177ea33d152 Acrobat Web Capture 15.0 endstream endobj 5 0 obj <> endobj 6 0 obj <> endobj 3 0 obj <> endobj 7 0 obj <> endobj 8 0 obj <> endobj 20 0 obj <>>> endobj 21 0 obj <> endobj 22 0 obj <> endobj 24 0 obj [23 0 R 23 0 R] endobj 25 0 obj [23 0 R 23 0 R] endobj 26 0 obj [23 0 R 23 0 R] endobj 27 0 obj [23 0 R 23 0 R] endobj 28 0 obj [23 0 R 23 0 R] endobj 29 0 obj [23 0 R 23 0 R] endobj 30 0 obj [23 0 R 23 0 R] endobj 23 0 obj <><><><><><><><><><><><>]/P 21 0 R/Pg 13 0 R/S/Article>> endobj 13 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 0/Type/Page>> endobj 31 0 obj [38 0 R] endobj 32 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (98-0331.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/98-0331.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([7/2/2021 4:04:27 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f 0.604 g q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 734.2497 cm 0 0 m 0.75 -0.75 l 579 -0.75 l 579.749 0 l h f Q 0.933 g q 1 0 0 1 16.7499 733.5 cm 0 0 m -0.75 -0.75 l 579 -0.75 l 578.25 0 l h f Q 0.604 g q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 732.7503 cm 0 0 m 0.75 0.75 l 0 1.499 l h f Q 0.933 g q 1 0 0 1 594.9999 733.5 cm 0 0 m 0.75 -0.75 l 0.75 0.75 l h f Q 0.604 g q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 618.75 cm 0 0 m 0.75 -0.75 l 579 -0.75 l 579.749 0 l h f Q 0.933 g q 1 0 0 1 16.7499 618.0003 cm 0 0 m -0.75 -0.751 l 579 -0.751 l 578.25 0 l h f Q 0.604 g q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 617.2497 cm 0 0 m 0.75 0.751 l 0 1.5 l h f Q 0.933 g q 1 0 0 1 594.9999 618.0003 cm 0 0 m 0.75 -0.751 l 0.75 0.75 l h f Q /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 749.25 Tm (DATE: May 26, 1999)Tj 0 -3.25 TD (In Re:)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (-----------------------)Tj T* (SSN: -----------)Tj T* (Applicant for Security Clearance)Tj 0 -3.25 TD (ISCR Case No. 98-0331)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 11.641 -2.125 Td (APPEAL BOARD DECISION AND REVERSAL ORDER)Tj 8.793 -2.125 Td (APPEARANCES)Tj ET 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 261.2061 543 cm 0 0 m 89.338 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 247.375 518.25 Tm (FOR GOVERNMENT)Tj /TT0 1 Tf -4.054 -2.125 Td (Martin H. Mogul, Esq., Department Counsel)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 4.832 -2.125 Td (FOR APPLICANT)Tj /TT2 1 Tf 2.722 -2.125 Td (Pro Se)Tj /TT0 1 Tf -22.781 -2.125 Td (Administrative Judge Joseph Testan issued a decision, dated December 11,\ 1998, in which he concluded it is clearly)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (consistent with the national interest to grant or continue a security cl\ earance for Applicant. )Tj 36.515 0 Td (Department Counsel)Tj -36.515 -1.125 Td (appealed. )Tj 4.053 0 Td (For the reasons set forth below, the Board reverses the Administrative J\ udge's decision.)Tj -4.053 -2.125 Td (This Board has jurisdiction on appeal under Executive Order 10865 and De\ partment of Defense Directive 5220.6)Tj T* (\(Directive\), dated January 2, 1992, as amended.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Department Counsel's appeal presents the following issues: \(1\) whether\ the Administrative Judge improperly used a)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (favorable credibility determination as a substitute for record evidence,\ and reached conclusions not supported by the)Tj T* (record evidence; \(2\) whether the Administrative Judge failed to proper\ ly weigh the evidence of Applicant's foreign)Tj T* (preference against the absence of mitigating evidence; and \(3\) whether\ the Administrative Judge's favorable decision is)Tj T* (arbitrary, capricious, or contrary to law.)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 0 -2.125 TD (Procedural History)Tj /TT0 1 Tf T* (The Defense Office of Hearings and Appeals issued to Applicant a Stateme\ nt of Reasons \(SOR\) dated April 30, 1998.)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (The SOR was based on Criterion C \(Foreign Preference\) and Criterion B \ \(Foreign Influence\).)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (A hearing was held on September 16, 1998. )Tj 17.774 0 Td (The Administrative Judge subsequently issued a written decision in which\ )Tj -17.774 -1.125 Td (he)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (concluded it is clearly consistent with the national interest to grant o\ r continue a security clearance for Applicant.)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (The)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (case is before the Board 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Billett)Tj T* (Administrative Judge)Tj T* (Member, Appeal Board)Tj T* (1. )Tj (The record evidence shows: Applicant's father was a United States citize\ n and his mother was a citizen of FC; and)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Applicant's mother returned to FC after divorcing Applicant's father.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (2. )Tj (Applicant contends his receipt of educational benefits from FC should no\ t be considered in his case because it was)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (not)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (specifically alleged in the SOR. )Tj 14.469 0 Td (The Administrative Judge did not err by taking into account Applicant's \ receipt of)Tj -14.469 -1.125 Td (FC)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (educational benefits because that conduct fell within the scope of Forei\ gn Preference Disqualifying Condition 4.)Tj /TT1 1 Tf T* (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 3.332 0 Td (,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (ISCR Case No. 94-1159 \(December 4, 1995\) at p. 5 \(Judge may consider \ conduct not alleged in the SOR to)Tj -3.332 -1.125 Td (decide)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (whether a particular Adjudicative Guideline is applicable\).)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (3. )Tj (Applicant's reply brief is replete with assertions that go beyond the re\ cord evidence and seek to introduce new)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (evidence)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (on appeal. )Tj 8.163 0 Td (The Board cannot consider new evidence on appeal. )Tj 21.13 0 Td (Directive, Additional Procedural Guidance,)Tj -29.293 -1.125 Td (Item 29. )Tj 3.583 0 Td (The)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Board notes Applicant had ample opportunity to present evidence during t\ he hearing.)Tj -3.583 -2.125 Td (4. )Tj (Applicant's personal opinion as to the security significance of his fami\ ly ties and friends in FC is irrelevant. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 44.254 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 3.332 0 Td (,)Tj -47.585 -1.125 Td (ISCR Case No. 95-0176 \(August 15, 1996\) at p. 2 \(security significanc\ e of applicant's conduct is to be adjudicated by)Tj T* (applying pertinent provisions of Directive, not decided by applicant's p\ ersonal beliefs about the significance of his)Tj T* (conduct\).)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (5. )Tj (Applicant cites to the testimony of his second level supervisor that he \ could be entrusted with properly handling)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (classified information. )Tj 9.248 0 Td (That opinion does not compel a favorable decision for Applicant. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 26.354 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf (, DOHA Case No. 96-)Tj -35.601 -1.125 Td (0152 \(January 14, 1997\) at pp. 4-5 \(opinions of applicant's superviso\ rs not binding on Judge and do not preclude an)Tj T* (adverse security clearance decision\). )Tj 14.909 0 Td (Applicant also refers the Board to Applicant Exhibit A, which bears a no\ tation that)Tj -14.909 -1.125 Td (he was rated "Satisfactory" with respect to safeguarding classified info\ rmation. )Tj 31.89 0 Td (That favorable evidence does not)Tj -31.89 -1.125 Td (compel)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (a favorable decision for Applicant because the absence of security viola\ tions does not preclude an adverse)Tj T* (decision based)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (on other grounds. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 13.386 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 3.332 0 Td (, ISCR Case No. 98-0188 \(April 29, 1999\) at pp. 3-4.)Tj -16.718 -2.125 Td (6. )Tj (Applicant correctly notes Department Counsel sought to place undue impor\ tance on his move from the United States)Tj T* (to)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (FC. )Tj (There is no security significance to the fact that Applicant, when he wa\ s eight years old, accompanied his mother)Tj T* (when she returned to FC. )Tj 10.332 0 Td (An eight-year-old child cannot be deemed to be capable of making a matur\ e, voluntary)Tj -10.332 -1.125 Td (decision)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (whether to accompany a parent who relocates to another country. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 29.933 0 Td (See)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( Directive, Sections F.3.c. and F.3.d. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 16.247 0 Td (See)Tj -46.18 -1.125 Td (also)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Perkins v. Elg)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 7.554 0 Td (, 307 U.S. 325, 334 \(1939\) \("[V]oluntary action cannot be attributed \ to an infant whose removal to)Tj -7.554 -1.125 Td (another)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (country is beyond his control and who during minority is incapable of [m\ aking] a binding choice."\); )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 43.509 0 Td (Perri v.)Tj -43.509 -1.125 Td (Dulles)Tj /TT0 1 Tf (, 206)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (F.2d 586, 588-89 \(3rd Cir. 1953\)\(actions taken by United States citiz\ en when he was a minor are not)Tj T* (voluntary for)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (purposes of deciding whether he voluntarily expatriated himself\). )Tj 31.907 0 Td (The same reasoning must be applied to)Tj -31.907 -1.125 Td (Applicant's)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (conduct in FC until he reached maturity.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (7. )Tj (This case is distinguishable from other cases where the applicants engag\ ed in the exercise of the rights and privileges)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (of)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (a foreign country )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 8.219 0 Td (before)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( they became naturalized United States citizens. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 21.936 0 Td (See)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( ISCR Case No. 98-0592 \(May 4, 1999\))Tj -30.155 -1.125 Td (at)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (pp. 5-6; ISCR Case No. 97-0356 \(April 21, 1998\) at p. 4. )Tj 24.053 0 Td (Here, Applicant's actions during the period 1992-1997)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 17 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 4/Type/Page>> endobj 54 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (98-0331.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/98-0331.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([7/2/2021 4:04:27 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 744 Tm (and Applicant's maintenance of a significant)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (financial interest in FC. )Tj 27.7 0 Td (Applicant's decision to remain in the United States)Tj -27.7 -1.125 Td (does not extenuate or mitigate his desire to)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (maintain the rights and privileges of FC citizenship, which also entails\ his)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (acceptance of the duties and obligations)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (associated with FC citizenship regardless of where he resides.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Applicant argues that his behavior is legal and therefore is not a secur\ ity problem. )Tj 33.018 0 Td (Even if an applicant chooses to)Tj -33.018 -1.125 Td (engage)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (in conduct or place himself or herself in a situation that is legally av\ ailable, the government is not precluded)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (from)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (deciding whether the applicant's choice has security significance. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 28.503 0 Td (See, e.g., Gayer v. Schlesinger)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 12.19 0 Td (, 490 F.2d 740,)Tj -40.693 -1.125 Td (752-54)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (\(D.C. Cir. 1973\)\(government entitled to deny security clearance to ap\ plicant )Tj 33.878 0 Td (who refused to provide information)Tj -33.878 -1.125 Td (based on)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (claim of privacy\); )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 11.19 0 Td (Clifford v. Shoultz)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 7.306 0 Td (, 413 F.2d 868 \(9th Cir. 1969\)\(government could suspend applicant's)Tj -18.497 -1.125 Td (security)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (clearance based on his refusal to answer questions based on claim of con\ stitutional privilege\), )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 41.154 0 Td (cert. denied)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 4.72 0 Td (, 396)Tj -45.874 -1.125 Td (U.S. 962)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (\(1969\); ISCR Case No. 98-0349 \(February 3, 1999\) at p. 3 \(neither f\ iling for bankruptcy nor discharge of debts)Tj T* (in)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (bankruptcy precludes consideration of security significance of applicant\ 's financial problems\). )Tj 38.945 0 Td (Therefore, although)Tj -38.945 -1.125 Td (Applicant has the right to decide whether to relinquish his FC citizensh\ ip \(and )Tj 31.521 0 Td (the rights and privileges associated with)Tj -31.521 -1.125 Td (FC citizenship\), his failure \(as of the hearing\) to decide )Tj 22.354 0 Td (whether to relinquish his FC citizenship has security)Tj -22.354 -1.125 Td (significance)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (that cannot be ignored. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 14.495 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 3.332 0 Td (, ISCR Case No. 98-0419 \(April 30, 1999\) at p. 8 \(noting exercise of \ dual)Tj -17.826 -1.125 Td (citizenship has)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (security implications\). )Tj 15.357 0 Td (Department Counsel persuasively argues that Applicant's reluctance to re\ nounce)Tj -15.357 -1.125 Td (his FC)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (citizenship and relinquish his FC passport indicates an ambivalence abou\ t his preference between the United)Tj T* (States and)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (FC which, under the clearly consistent with the national interest standa\ rd, should be resolved in favor of the)Tj T* (national)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (security. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 7.137 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 3.332 0 Td (, ISCR Case No. 98-0419 \(April 30, 1999\) at p. 8.)Tj -10.468 -2.125 Td (Department Counsel also notes that Applicant's financial ties with FC ar\ e significant. )Tj 34.312 0 Td (The Board need not decide)Tj -34.312 -1.125 Td (whether)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (those financial ties, standing alone, would be sufficient to warrant adv\ erse conclusions under Criterion B or)Tj T* (Criterion C. )Tj 5.027 0 Td (Under the whole person concept, Applicant's financial ties with FC shoul\ d not be considered in isolation,)Tj -5.027 -1.125 Td (but rather must)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (be considered in light of the record as a whole. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 25.27 0 Td (See)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( Directive, Section F.3; ISCR Case No. 98-0350)Tj -25.27 -1.125 Td (\(March 31, 1999\) at)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (p. 3 \(discussing whole person concept and need to consider totality of \ an applicant's conduct\).)Tj T* (Accordingly, Applicant's)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (financial ties with FC must be viewed in light of his voluntary assumpti\ on of FC citizenship,)Tj T* (his voluntary exercise of the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (rights and privileges of FC citizenship, and his reluctance to relinquis\ h FC citizenship and)Tj T* (forego the rights and privileges)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (associated with )Tj 19.134 0 Td (FC citizenship.)Tj -19.134 -2.125 Td (Considering the record as a whole, the totality of the facts and circums\ tances of Applicant's acquisition and exercise of)Tj T* (foreign citizenship as an adult raise security concerns under Criterion \ C. )Tj 29.157 0 Td (Furthermore, the Administrative Judge's)Tj -29.157 -1.125 Td (findings)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (and conclusions of extenuation, mitigation, and changed circumstances ar\ e not sustainable for the various)Tj T* (reasons stated)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (in this decision. )Tj 12.387 0 Td (Accordingly, the Judge's favorable conclusions under Criterion C are rev\ ersed.)Tj -12.387 -2.125 Td (For the reasons stated in this decision, Department Counsel has demonstr\ ated the Administrative Judge erred in his)Tj T* (analysis of Applicant's case under Criterion B. )Tj 18.842 0 Td (However, Department Counsel has not demonstrated the Judge's errors)Tj -18.842 -1.125 Td (with respect to Criterion B warrant reversal. )Tj 17.883 0 Td (However, since the Board is reversing the Judge's decision under Criteri\ on)Tj -17.883 -1.125 Td (C, no useful purpose would be served by remanding the case to the Judge \ to correct his errors with respect to Criterion)Tj T* (B.)Tj /TT2 1 Tf 0 -2.125 TD (Conclusion)Tj /TT0 1 Tf T* (Department Counsel has met its burden of demonstrating error that warran\ ts reversal. )Tj 34.406 0 Td (Accordingly, pursuant to Item)Tj -34.406 -1.125 Td (33.c.)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (of the Directive's Additional Procedural Guidance, the Board reverses th\ e Administrative Judge's December 11,)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (1998)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (decision.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Signed: Emilio Jaksetic)Tj ET 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 16 132.75 cm 0 0 m 113.32 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 16 108 Tm (Emilio Jaksetic)Tj T* (Administrative Judge)Tj T* (Chairman, Appeal Board)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 16 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 3/Type/Page>> endobj 55 0 obj [57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R] endobj 56 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (98-0331.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/98-0331.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([7/2/2021 4:04:27 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 755.25 Tm (demonstrating extenuation or mitigation; \(c\) the Administrative Judge \ erred by concluding Applicant's ties to FC were)Tj ET Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 741.75 Tm (not)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (significant, and by giving more weight to Applicant's ties to the United\ States than his ties to FC; and \(d\) the)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Administrative Judge erred by finding it is clearly consistent with the \ national interest to grant or continue a security)Tj T* (clearance for Applicant because Applicant expressed no preference for th\ e United States. )Tj 35.9 0 Td (For the reasons that follow,)Tj -35.9 -1.125 Td (the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Board concludes Department Counsel's arguments have mixed merit.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (\(a\) Applicant's motivation and the likelihood that he would continue h\ is conduct are factors which the Administrative)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Judge had to consider. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 9.192 0 Td (See)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( Directive, Sections F.3.d. and F.3.f.; Adjudicative Guidelines, Enclosu\ re 2 at page 2-2. )Tj 36.602 0 Td (A)Tj -45.794 -1.125 Td (reading of the decision persuades the Board that the Judge took into acc\ ount Applicant's motivations for his conduct and)Tj T* (considered the likelihood that Applicant would continue to engage in the\ conduct that gave rise to the SOR in this case.)Tj T* (Department Counsel's argument is flawed because it conflates an improper\ weighing of relevant factors argument with)Tj T* (an)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (argument that the Judge failed to consider pertinent factors. )Tj 25.241 0 Td (Even if the Board were to conclude that the Judge)Tj -25.241 -1.125 Td (weighed)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (the relevant factors in an arbitrary and capricious manner, such a concl\ usion would not mean the Judge failed)Tj T* (to consider)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (those factors.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (\(b\) Given Applicant's admissions and the evidence presented by Departm\ ent Counsel, the burden shifted to Applicant to)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (present evidence of extenuation, mitigation, or changed circumstances su\ fficient to warrant a conclusion that it is clearly)Tj T* (consistent with the national interest to grant or continue a security cl\ earance for him. )Tj 34.127 0 Td (Directive, Additional Procedural)Tj -34.127 -1.125 Td (Guidance, Item 15. )Tj 7.914 0 Td (Nothing in the decision persuades the Board that the Administrative Judg\ e improperly allowed)Tj -7.914 -1.125 Td (Applicant to avoid his burden of presenting evidence of extenuation, mit\ igation, or changed circumstances. )Tj 43.126 0 Td (To the)Tj -43.126 -1.125 Td (contrary, the Judge recognized Applicant's burden when he stated "I conc\ lude that applicant has presented convincing)Tj T* (evidence . . . ." \(Decision at p. 3\). )Tj 13.654 0 Td (Even though the Judge's favorable conclusions are not sustainable, the J\ udge did not)Tj -13.654 -1.375 Td (fail to recognize Applicant had a burden under Additional Procedural Gui\ dance Item 15.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 440.8516 462.75 Tm (\(5\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 440.8516 462 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 432.75 Tm (Accordingly, Department)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Counsel's argument on this point lacks merit.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (\(c\) Department Counsel's third and fourth arguments overlap and will b\ e discussed together. )Tj 37.17 0 Td (For the reasons that follow,)Tj -37.17 -1.125 Td (the Board concludes the Administrative Judge's favorable conclusions are\ arbitrary and capricious.)Tj T* (An Administrative Judge's decision can be arbitrary or capricious if: it\ does not examine relevant evidence; it fails to)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (articulate a satisfactory explanation for its conclusions, including a r\ ational connection between the facts found and the)Tj T* (choice made; it does not consider relevant factors; it reflects a clear \ error of judgment; it fails to consider an important)Tj T* (aspect of the case; it offers an explanation for the decision that runs \ contrary to the record evidence; or it is so)Tj T* (implausible)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (that it cannot be ascribed to a mere difference of opinion. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 28.073 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf (, ISCR Case No. 97-0435 \(July 14, 1998\))Tj -28.073 -1.125 Td (at p. 3. )Tj (A)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Judge's decision can be contrary to law if it fails to comply with perti\ nent provisions of the Directive or is)Tj T* (contrary to)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (applicable legal principles. )Tj 15.605 0 Td (The Judge's favorable decision suffers from several of these defects.)Tj -15.605 -2.125 Td (The Administrative Judge erred in his analysis of Applicant's ties with \ FC in three significant ways. )Tj 40.145 0 Td (First, the Judge's)Tj -40.145 -1.125 Td (analysis is faulty because it ignored or gave little weight to the signi\ ficant fact that Applicant, a United States citizen by)Tj 0 -1.375 TD (birth, voluntarily sought and obtained FC citizenship and an FC passport\ in 1992 \(when he was 28 years old\))Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 538.9199 236.25 Tm (\(6\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 538.9199 235.5 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 206.25 Tm (for his)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (personal convenience, and the further fact that Applicant freely exercis\ ed the rights and privileges of an FC)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (citizen)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (between 1992 and 1997. )Tj 12.94 0 Td (A person who voluntarily obtains the citizenship of another country is t\ aking an action)Tj -12.94 -1.125 Td (that is)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (fraught with serious implications for the person's allegiance, duties an\ d obligations. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 36.312 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf (, ISCR Case No. 98-)Tj -36.312 -1.125 Td (0419)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (\(April 30, 1999\) at p. 8. )Tj 11.999 0 Td (Second, the Judge erred by discounting the security significance of Appl\ icant's conduct)Tj -11.999 -1.125 Td (merely)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (because it occurred before he moved to the United States. )Tj 26.323 0 Td (There is no rational basis for the Judge to discount the)Tj -26.323 -1.125 Td (security)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (significance of Applicant's voluntary assumption and active exercise of \ FC citizenship merely because he later)Tj T* (moved to)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (the United States. )Tj 11.332 0 Td (Applicant's decision to move to the United States in 1997 to obtain a jo\ b with a defense)Tj -11.332 -1.125 Td (contractor does)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (not significantly reduce the security concerns raised by his voluntary a\ cquisition and exercise of FC)Tj 0 -1.375 TD (citizenship during the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (previous several years.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 232.5977 99.75 Tm (\(7\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 232.5977 99 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 69.75 Tm (Third, the Judge erred by focusing on Applicant's stated intention to re\ main in the United States)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (and discounting the)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (security significance of: Applicant's retention of FC citizenship and an\ FC passport; Applicant's)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (reluctance to renounce)Tj ET q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 12 0 0 12 16 39.75 Tm (his FC citizenship or to give up his FC passport;)Tj ET Q BT 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 247.668 44.25 Tm (\(8\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 247.668 43.5 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q EMC endstream endobj 57 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 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determination as a substitute for)Tj ET Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 741.75 Tm (record)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (evidence. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 6.857 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf (, ISCR Case No. 98-0419 \(April 30, 1999\) at p. 3. )Tj (Accordingly, it is untenable for Department)Tj -6.857 -1.125 Td (Counsel to argue that the Judge acted improperly merely because the Judg\ e happened to find Applicant's testimony was)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (credible.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (The absence of corroborating evidence is a factor that an Administrative\ Judge should consider when weighing the)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (record)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (evidence. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 6.857 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf (, ISCR Case No. 98-0419 \(April 30, 1999\) at p. 4 \("[T]he Judge must c\ onsider the record as a)Tj -6.857 -1.125 Td (whole)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (and use common sense \(Directive, Section F.3.\) in evaluating the absen\ ce of corroborating evidence."\). )Tj 44.227 0 Td (However,)Tj -44.227 -1.125 Td (Department Counsel 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(Department Counsel makes two arguments in support of this contention: \(\ a\) the)Tj -12.412 -1.125 Td (Administrative Judge failed to properly weigh the evidence of Applicant'\ s connections with FC against minimal)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (evidence)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (of his connections with the United States; and \(b\) the Administrative \ Judge erred by focusing solely on)Tj T* (Applicant's)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (changed circumstances regarding the United States.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (\(a\) Department Counsel's first argument overlaps with some of its argu\ ments made in support of the third appeal issue.)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (It)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (will be considered in conjunction with those other arguments later in th\ is decision.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (\(b\) A review of the decision shows that the Administrative Judge's eva\ luation of Applicant's changed circumstances)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (since)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (he moved to the United States was important to the Judge's analysis of 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