%PDF-1.6 % 1 0 obj <> endobj 2 0 obj <>stream 2021-07-07T15:17:07-04:00 2021-07-07T15:17:06-04:00 2021-07-07T15:17:07-04:00 Adobe Acrobat 17.0 application/pdf 98-0507.a1 uuid:e51f210b-bbf3-4dce-a406-0788a0475898 uuid:09839cb4-daf9-483c-bb4e-53b23ccdd02c Acrobat Web Capture 15.0 endstream endobj 5 0 obj <> endobj 6 0 obj <> endobj 3 0 obj <> endobj 7 0 obj <> endobj 8 0 obj <> endobj 22 0 obj <>>> endobj 23 0 obj <> endobj 24 0 obj <> endobj 26 0 obj [25 0 R 25 0 R] endobj 27 0 obj [25 0 R 25 0 R] endobj 28 0 obj [25 0 R 25 0 R] endobj 29 0 obj [25 0 R 25 0 R] endobj 30 0 obj [25 0 R 25 0 R] endobj 31 0 obj [25 0 R 25 0 R] endobj 32 0 obj [25 0 R 25 0 R] endobj 33 0 obj [25 0 R 25 0 R] endobj 34 0 obj [25 0 R 25 0 R] endobj 25 0 obj <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>]/P 23 0 R/Pg 13 0 R/S/Article>> endobj 13 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 0/Type/Page>> endobj 35 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (98-0507.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/98-0507.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([7/7/2021 3:17:07 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f 0.604 g q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 734.2497 cm 0 0 m 0.75 -0.75 l 579 -0.75 l 579.749 0 l h f Q 0.933 g q 1 0 0 1 16.7499 733.5 cm 0 0 m -0.75 -0.75 l 579 -0.75 l 578.25 0 l h f Q 0.604 g q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 732.7503 cm 0 0 m 0.75 0.75 l 0 1.499 l h f Q 0.933 g q 1 0 0 1 594.9999 733.5 cm 0 0 m 0.75 -0.75 l 0.75 0.75 l h f Q 0.604 g q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 618.75 cm 0 0 m 0.75 -0.75 l 579 -0.75 l 579.749 0 l h f Q 0.933 g q 1 0 0 1 16.7499 618.0003 cm 0 0 m -0.75 -0.751 l 579 -0.751 l 578.25 0 l h f Q 0.604 g q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 617.2497 cm 0 0 m 0.75 0.751 l 0 1.5 l h f Q 0.933 g q 1 0 0 1 594.9999 618.0003 cm 0 0 m 0.75 -0.751 l 0.75 0.75 l h f Q /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 749.25 Tm (DATE: May 17, 1999)Tj 0 -3.25 TD (In Re:)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (------------------)Tj T* (SSN: -----------)Tj T* (Applicant for Security Clearance)Tj 0 -3.25 TD (ISCR Case No. 98-0507)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 11.641 -2.125 Td (APPEAL BOARD DECISION AND REVERSAL ORDER)Tj 8.793 -2.125 Td (APPEARANCES)Tj ET 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 261.2061 543 cm 0 0 m 89.338 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 247.375 518.25 Tm (FOR GOVERNMENT)Tj /TT0 1 Tf -4.664 -2.125 Td (Michael H. Leonard, Esq., Department Counsel)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 5.442 -2.125 Td (FOR APPLICANT)Tj /TT0 1 Tf -0.929 -2.125 Td (James W. Maxfield, Esq.)Tj -19.13 -2.125 Td (Administrative Judge Kathryn M. Braeman issued a decision, dated Decembe\ r 23, 1998, in which she concluded it is)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (clearly consistent with the national interest to grant or continue a sec\ urity clearance for Applicant. )Tj 39.485 0 Td (Department Counsel)Tj -39.485 -1.125 Td (appealed. )Tj 4.053 0 Td (For the reasons set forth below, the Board reverses the Administrative J\ udge's decision.)Tj -4.053 -2.125 Td (This Board has jurisdiction on appeal under Executive Order 10865 and De\ partment of Defense Directive 5220.6)Tj T* (\(Directive\), dated January 2, 1992, as amended.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Department Counsel's appeal presents the following issues: \(1\) whether\ the Administrative Judge improperly placed the)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (burden of proof on Department Counsel with respect to one issue in the c\ ase; \(2\) whether one of the Administrative)Tj T* (Judge's factual findings is not supported by the record evidence; \(3\) \ whether the Administrative Judge failed to properly)Tj T* (apply pertinent provisions of the Adjudicative Guidelines; and \(4\) whe\ ther the Administrative Judge's decision is)Tj T* (arbitrary, capricious, or contrary to law.)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 0 -2.125 TD (Procedural History)Tj /TT0 1 Tf T* (The Defense Office of Hearings and Appeals issued a Statement of Reasons\ \(SOR\) dated August 17, 1998 to Applicant.)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (The SOR was based on Criterion C \(Foreign Preference\) and Criterion B \ \(Foreign Influence\).)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (A hearing was held on November 16, 1998. )Tj 17.718 0 Td (The Administrative Judge subsequently issued a written decision in which\ )Tj -17.718 -1.125 Td (she concluded it is not clearly consistent with the national interest to\ grant or continue a security clearance for)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Applicant. )Tj 4.443 0 Td (The case is before the Board on Department Counsel's appeal from that fa\ vorable decision.)Tj /TT1 1 Tf -4.443 -2.125 Td (Administrative Judge's Findings and Conclusions)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 0 -2.125 TD (Applicant is a 39-year-old man employed by a defense contractor since ea\ rly 1998.)Tj T* (Applicant was born in the United States. )Tj 16.441 0 Td (Applicant's family moved to a foreign country \(FC\) in 1973, when he wa\ s)Tj -16.441 -1.125 Td (fourteen. )Tj 3.832 0 Td (Applicant went to school in FC and worked in a series of jobs with famil\ y-owned businesses in FC until he)Tj -3.832 -1.125 Td (returned to the United States in late 1995.)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 36 0 obj <> endobj 37 0 obj (\)FGȳj/r+) endobj 38 0 obj <> endobj 39 0 obj <> endobj 42 0 obj <> endobj 43 0 obj <>stream H\J@{6fgB &M/~ Iڬ7]fwMzϩQCyڮvӷ9C[r>*iLwl^gKj5u>VkoGµFO\SͦnXߍˠsiVOChAjfU,2`n|) \l1~ ?m1.| .%ؓ=Xf;|^y^`f+ld<]<\>stream H|w|SG7`$OB@HΡvwB`\CCpB`1jݘf"a-8 I$Kr$>3;;@0b:Va.$6>=.ɘy T΋i̼"5@_7)wz!A764ZBbm@m+INKx0 =X8YBvBJNqBO:4L'(> ɨ7KO4,+70 ^>M$h@^^ 7QZ)I5ezC#]:6B<nKt&xl6T^~@'zT]`(ZE JZuz_?JA!aWVFb4#T;jy{7xaҸI?k͚h٪'mڶko1g]y/uW={Ĥ}RR?``7:lFvlwߏ?aSN>csrΛ/YlU׬֭/ذq-[n߱s={?p=vɒSϔ.^le7 ZD:X0<f)uKYDiD:#=h;^8y*?qM[{Ԉ'"<,bOJe%BitR*ݔWHeRWl6&sOM=McMLsL3!f\9Μ 4P5U՚jZW@Vj:^R.uZgԫ=K%oIZͪ^dg-nz&LNv;;͜-8:=x׳**ܑLwqywShL)JIقTiT*V8yZ[*zu_/|<>n*u{x"='ؑӊ6t8~_C`z|UXu#,li$lwFxY^BkP֢QY=laaoke+m# 6V(f$EDbs;iK" G*WP@7wEt Z02E`b8Fbc 0Jcrh.iH"-pEh>-tribʧ%CG9^rZA+Jh5Sm64&VFvPU))7R=TdKh?t©*6`#Utդ2*Ư p2tq:A'Ni(RrJ,tE.]<'x:">|q>'Oi>åZBzdGCd,,d#~|yȗ2_|ml\7&6|1]t5t].L_ɫ9}{9 ؾ6v eiR '&1̐JSziAq'b DiKʲd|~xuN):Ut3u7Fǖ/p)_K| _{Ux^Wx#{ٺѹ:OTwzgYz~Ozz^襑R,^W1j}Vzި7ENGDF.DNEzHozޡ?џzޭ3N$nɜ©܄s88?(G'c,ƞXobo}>qA,!8a8GG|8]ܔ qsn-G ɭ58\p1. \\mJEs\5֔+_HZ;w9syT8NS8Nȩs;E1k@L!A@$(Ѐ@:̀ X9!NKHDHƐ ) i91rZ9!iM r!Bm|om.; A3h-%B;xq?L0oT00 x1< <{d XOrdL"AQHKLl,eLi2|2d)2Sflj@!5FG@D)R((2((ۗCGT@MdCͨ9ԊZSjK jOI(seuu+uԃ']G|O3ԏ4 zJ0N#|}[s07-s۔~1w=s<0M4U:H R =2 F(McyKh<&DD/ЋL}z^/u%~MooM-sȧbXKa?V*VX w+? 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Terrazas)Tj /TT0 1 Tf (, 444 U.S. 252 \(1980\).)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (7. )Tj (An applicant's motivation for acting is a relevant factor to be consider\ ed. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 30.365 0 Td (See)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( Directive, Section F.3.d.)Tj -30.365 -2.125 Td (8. )Tj ("[I]ndividual has expressed a willingness to renounce dual citizenship."\ )Tj T* (9. )Tj ("[C]ontact and correspondence with foreign citizens are casual and infre\ quent.")Tj T* (10. )Tj ("[A] determination that the immediate family member\(s\), cohabitant, or\ associate\(s\) in question would not constitute)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (an unacceptable security risk.")Tj 0 -2.125 TD (11. )Tj ("[F]oreign financial interests are minimal and not sufficient to affect \ the individual's security responsibilities.")Tj T* (12. )Tj (There is no record evidence that the unnamed United States embassy perso\ nnel referred to by Applicant had any)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (authority to make any statements, promises, or commitments about Applica\ nt's security eligibility. )Tj 39.645 0 Td (Furthermore, since)Tj -39.645 -1.125 Td (Applicant's security eligibility did not arise until early 1998 \(when A\ pplicant began working for defense contractor\), it)Tj T* (is)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (improbable that Applicant's security eligibility was considered or even \ addressed by the unnamed United States)Tj T* (embassy)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (personnel around 1993 \(when Applicant became an FC citizen\). )Tj 29.519 0 Td (Whatever assurances Applicant received that)Tj -29.519 -1.125 Td (obtaining)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (FC citizenship would not affect his United States citizenship, those ass\ urances are irrelevant to his security)Tj T* (eligibility.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (13. )Tj (The Directive recognizes that obtaining dual citizenship solely through \ one's parents or by birth can be mitigating.)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Foreign Preference Mitigating Condition 1.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (14. )Tj (Because the Administrative Judge's reasoning concerning the absence of v\ ulnerability to coercion or undue)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (influence)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (with respect to Applicant's financial interests in FC is not challenged \ by Department Counsel, the Board need)Tj T* (not address)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (it other than to note its earlier discussion of the Judge's application \ of Foreign Influence Mitigating)Tj T* (Condition 5.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (15. )Tj (The Board is not persuaded by Applicant's contention that Department Cou\ nsel's argument is based on total)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (speculation. )Tj 5.054 0 Td (Security clearance decisions are not an exact science, but rather are pr\ edictive judgments about a person's)Tj -5.054 -1.125 Td (security suitability in light of that person's past conduct and present \ circumstances. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 33.367 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 3.332 0 Td (, ISCR Case No. 98-0625)Tj -36.698 -1.125 Td (\(March 17, 1999\) at p. 6 \(citing )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 12.858 0 Td (Department of Navy v. Egan)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 11.414 0 Td (, 484 U.S. 518, 528-29 \(1988\)\). )Tj /TT1 1 Tf (See also)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( footnote 3 of this)Tj -24.272 -1.125 Td (decision.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (16. )Tj (Undue influence is not limited to coercion or blackmail. "It includes si\ tuations where a person is vulnerable to)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (influence, however subtle or noncoercive, that could be exploited to ind\ uce a person to act in a manner that is)Tj T* (inconsistent with the national security interests of the United States."\ ISCR Case No. 98-0265 \(March 17, 1999\) at p. 3.)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 47 0 obj <> endobj 48 0 obj <> endobj 49 0 obj <>stream H\j0l/L MZEeF6s҅5$Ll1ސ7gb9y^`O`%+xKނ@gGgGgG4-s9A0G#̑C7,K#D~'"8, ^)YtV8+JgYtV8+JO|7+t?\SQg3C?8¯`tz endstream endobj 50 0 obj <>stream H|TT=\  ܙKlw DyK&R((QwŊXbWucj2}z+9k>g}9(80U8b3gY&‡1d,Q1=;| 85oxv poȰ{#gzzMzɅˇ8]ƾYZႌ~xzO`^FƸ@Josud̀CvmcEƬCq8P*R  o.UHq18d89FR˔-Z{JT孙_5j֪q7hبq͚hߪ'm۶kӎ}E_}ߥk~Q={ӷ_t1 aGQ:6~ &MN2u3g͞3w,\8ueWL[zZ^>}CMlݖ}G]dݷC9=vSsq&.j5rӊI_uFQdbX>x4'$^§(#ʷJ2AIT( >^}x*VQk.Z7GmE;լcVh0 4%MOcIURRRRŢYjXjY:Z,>Wݠ]uwSFO}>]_7Y.~B?_EP{t:i iiiEk#hwvqs)**93̆t`C2/\~%ʊ`E S&*J C?^N~yj&Cmr USi)Ŕ*9b7P^rl~!QsHS59.I-s#9A44KZBZFګ$8^fCCC-y%*ZWwx)g5p u q& fX vM ukkkثf+\[umVI@~Gok`ko555ճհYlUm6>X;֛oYs=L9;d]a`mo Z-VFvqNfQE1Tj 0}}~T @`' P # 21Jv1xAh6IKh>DT?gRQD h!-ŔJKH.TJRZxEi4ZEi uieFD)h mmI۩ EȕS\ r#wI"UIP6}<A Ty!7q42,tQ:FSC\:Cyt!>Tj6y78❼w^}A>9|Q>4<2_P!uXQG1u=m/[P'mW2&;[D<\/kFQ|Aijq(p$ELi2N%O @)e,el"D씃rR.My(/i(ME*Db@)ӝtg}Kw+Zѩ1Q0*I4TBO=FAEh"E$LSSJ3\P/+ZQzޫ>Â]c͆ӱe9gLpV9sr.y8/%Mn_q7M\ȝ隸 ܅\pQ..rs@`.!\Kqiw] .e+Ujw \+qeUW\kqmu$pcnM7ܒ[f6ܖq{w.5Mw^ܛp_yo;ăMI2fI1 xa= Ov9iHuv9⮳gh3  |ȀȤ;YsYdAVdCvs9D9_CNBnA^!?W((((G AIBiAYC򨀊ʨꨁڨhFh&hfhhVh6"m ]5tǷa:Nb'z7/?B.袺(tq:sP Cuyvh{6צ"0#00c00aGHD,LDDc&c bcf:1 1Y<"H$$c>R K a9V`%Va5`-a=6`#6a3`+aYkavbv+{qP<۸ŝqW9q#j"Vĉx1+u`6Mfbmfav]fc۩vn.k思agYvc;>!_<xxxxxT;|4ߚ9l憹in9f抹j~s܏D?O)_/ _oos|4 ܍&w }?Mj:w."y*"Jh5. x<ڃV]=Qi4>ʀ}cL}X1l5o?:Yq'#8&O 8)&Niu xGQD%W?|%_i]ӆGoOi /# 6?\ME@c`ԫ4|#r95iCK5q<}0I9P6 ql S[Yp dWFíOy<:5^_Ll9StAn@{ƚ*RjVrS=si*R9~V$h%HCIg9a~ĞJCG[R@ӡj`ǁKDRxbX]F4f`X;i(Xp"M.fx(xpFFy.夸L`JZيf>voDdş!&ނ>nQ;.^Ky-9'OEd_r\ER3h(?5#j!Z.ZGl)"}t#ಂ!^y:,E,sZ<ňP8:DpQ,EN}}q@|/!Ί/.'$g"m[$-& Q#+`YJ:v v.A *[mTg/ooȔZ,}Am!%h)c7 Ѥ!ED/+%k8yM6 趞bdazZ mDW\$'cV7[7nΥ}07!8[C"'ȡ m5D:Ȇ"vYN@~H C ' Ȟ3f9iW;u9LQJOH^/{%rEkqT+rpB]@cђ KE*Ew>ZdGvRfvUq7-؉S@.9!B/&qTr1a*+`32j3nӝgg8~\uyb)K@yVU'L-5nF>lhZjJrR-v@~1}"#=;WHݻm"SKjFP)1 Ӟgdv쮑)ɚK׌N]kiEnȯ9uf y]@ U j.#wauss)=b0$#Rn,"ҕ(('2u;- *i]ÓlpN^f>B9e [a,ͱvCZcrous(yzgNwc; :Eo&ǽsEѬϷB3~S~az<\/KE,tnBwY-*O+}U^#gPq)::{F.WS؇|ŵ{fk}IIn iƐ^=*R`%w-IC+נ[F2 g`c1nctB3vkƇ>O>jŇ'K+X6D+.9p$t G$/lP `>*tc'3 6w8,7gS*F]QYLe%y zZOztM߽DFPB_Ј0We?_4ͭ|G/yٟH2x7qq|NO[tXat-ٲ\1i ؀>(m $`E0̈́ JdC Igv214iK`B ߝL?cݽgN%fJK*@/;˕Nà?BV(*\6HY\N*sPtGd6sYYgȑp*?Ѿbe.W1 d'kִJ577`nˢ5VP낇؄ZxƋ<##C&Z,:C[H Bb%dl+5rc}) ~Uzw#Ŧ{`è@mTy"2wAUnVMW{gz렅[FD Bn,dh]0& CONvN-G}Z>K{m ِZuDZ=:Aׇ!PwSөedc:P -n̩T 96%!Q!\Y,a EE$&g&(E*"ͯtڿC w@ )c)gFkoUԶkv}V./l:]Ts{Dm._;Vfl|rO {G,>26ORj)ۮ'Wx ^OqyIvp$=ܡ D*osDʹyIlR3,66S҆Lgt.vx"ˈK,&j}bU! jG/!d6CDAOiNj%5b-wq>z<,aga"$SiOOPR1/*/usul}u{k;~ĎIJR JMR@AaU˦ uaĔUBNƦMM*ؐPE݃ιv&[wɕ|~9_ѩ_ޟca뷿R߫aj 6VjOԱaoiiܿ  !.joVVJ[ÏH;KcN(NHHd\a;A#"x6a`h$tS!$0 SPX`$C6JPF)Kq;'u{:K\ ,iRN4I $@HaHX@z^bR7&IY4ux!5EЄa l0lQ6\{\{!$)~//0Ր)Q7||þSq_H>?K7łї ֑kr{d̦zPg}TxF)w} X#8F;Wn?.vPrRyPqŽ> HЕ@)noѐThUr}rp~MqpR9^ΐ8p˲yD;l?By5 1]aϳHf$;:0Ir32;sg{''R'29ϸ0 w{.2ʾ s^uʾ΍2rV+"55Y'ZlI A'KW`PBY[S(FFmQ9όTZ8L FHMsJ2ء_l3wUiY3~ m [@L9V÷4LXZ+Vs8 ^⽰< M5fZb7}UCLۀy+BW񗎍ʹ;_ ohGリܱʃ{b"ÏjݳyF48GKeJ3.h@QGQ`+@͖4=HY k4E5b?LG@4XC5FŪ58a\R)/EBBבΈXZ8sy;E5>ӫ Xֻ," 0ꇁg7dpo_KY.3o &ej:3KOV6YI6%R0ػְVSں·o7dD~w˯Cy)﬛]x MNǦ3+>ƺ >ŞJ\{BEɁLApJQTFH2QUqqB:ð:.5%3)QG96vhR#gp9 w\ ()t攙dьzƌo+FS0uJ9?z7=KvM KzM~Cw}L"SwԱB867 VN XqH7z $:[5scCf:pѳ eՑ&naOKz4BZ3P$Covpk9%W{wۇgn_ :1­}8`4{ȪX2,EKj=>ǿ̞Ƽ׼Qbg$"NBT-8)5K1d.mf4 f6{͔(1D;I P 01%*(Jtv1@ E P9'#ʻd'nLA$#*5KN|/xCw߽UGDS;أ$k}zItbf摒m<{ww>q>ǎ''>Q%@_B/1JjQTtf"eb& Iaf-Lj])Ŵj[9|{={!atn+P6gt8J-vq ʱST\smӳLپ6ؘ>rGnc#*kN<4g 8s#H?6ocOlm_)Ů['v;I0$XEU yH5Xzy}ɮXep,=$6[8ZWuwjLdM0M~90]yHyRrWa#! v ñ`.20,*~-KXnH1$Si)r_>.B/d!Jw,(yxK;ˈ:s_|~/At@ Yh6C34K \^,}:NEEQJmYCÓl%G:9Ȼ%dm?nymakXWi/hdۄڤuԡvh/R3؅TL !cM>5({!01aT'^;)cfB{K4@Hv1v ƱqP)X *ͣժ%0 l*!$P>B V<`h~3a>gbl2W%֖0rqRif?0LxN1l((aLyT 'v0Wጕq2o6ڿçL;UjBuUIlҽ-|O1*. uv4DKv8$oOATWxN6^t&-pڒI9#o.HFit6[44~}Bz]EBTƾa2G9|yPϴdn)SףRğ֔JGݭ_itȥ].5V> rDyλS[.T<[NCYȼd+.g%(!_g~?$ߠ+ T.ٕZ~MV~A<\B -NOR*N"Byj)PQ]x׼C6XWWHMCfg5# AϬZl<]lY[3%t6mzr˦ -ϦrEcOU# GIv}B_>ݥ}:pCq4gD>qYD \mYi4k}|uQY{!:q0~1$s1.dە5R(X"2X-VYR-:-\~1'kRyva(ɧ>Z}ڊ]MرZI\w͐Em3N*(! hgW[AX +WT"KA'!8-<=kV!w6x^*}t"ڹ;_޳'ӼxwKxEV||/8vei9^ODϽ6}ޅw\B4@9t & f]^,wѵ:iî(ߣ{`f=YʹGuxO28YPavaAȓKƯ'U TW'1!KRݰ0cZMJԐ]kNyVj0U&fHѺr@۳!9͵»óD>JF*83o~0;}z$Nӭ6ȇ"L$,Pz]D7dף=zL|<)BV5P6KP6zBg)acۨ|N.>ɝ;?b']py4NCwIۺ6E TU & tj*u0 iLZ'-*CBZ~wjw_gJ|`l|L"n[.]Ws 5;~81;3$`T}uaVˎYZdU Vd(fTEyN')r*M! /.8.;e{J|wJN/Ӆ¸Y7^!m]H Poh|fo8IM)sDj.vӿA{$ ۲,I딎_Ú-dI'C3>~ s׮z\UV8PWU#]3-Y^2$oXOKT+zvN?A:3)der|sg6xή<7/l/G{$@gȂ6-ݭ-{}y&rxsu7 \9iX@? 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A\fZDy'>yO^3]esc ߣu*TCT6*eKA-1^SJopg4y%R}$/N\ Ղ9%  ۢ?d6W@aM$X3,%>T慿X=4E^.(mb-&Œ@'9j0,oqcú0ٹ沜g5\[K4yE%l?7VcXlYV+=% 5/+-rKxˁoA_f PҔI@+IC}w>_~@\We#[![aN@lnGZ]<ݛPdkΐOrGyG1: GccQX!UIR\*$.$ABҊ|F]Xadncد%Šd[Зms0foQpf}Ζ8[D@ — qyVm3l~ɡ/ UG;k:,ܽCgɧOM]셺&`v{?=48/6/gbhpw 'woz u`pad08;\G>`pnntm#cl 413Dp0%>/9 Fkh\c7{bv'<Ĭ `v>f_!P`h롢\Um.F ڑ6p+;1Kh 0Dzl`1HD.`yR )`rIRu֊@KV@‚@KX/.]7h%)eH L R PZZZ\\R @jl"6nLpvt) A]785kikB@ALtP+e.3- mW[%ԴwܸQ8>~i33&e- endstream endobj 20 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 7/Type/Page>> endobj 51 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (98-0507.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/98-0507.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([7/7/2021 3:17:07 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 742.5 Tm (Member, Appeal Board)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Signed: Jeffrey D. Billett)Tj ET 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 16 716.25 cm 0 0 m 120.645 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 16 691.5 Tm (Jeffrey D. Billett)Tj T* (Administrative Judge)Tj T* (Member, Appeal Board)Tj /TT1 1 Tf T* (Concurring Opinion of Administrative Judge Michael Y. Ra'anan)Tj /TT0 1 Tf T* (While I concur with the majority as to the rest of the opinion, I disass\ ociate myself from the paragraph that purports to)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (address Applicant's argument that the Adjudicative Guidelines do not req\ uire him to surrender his foreign citizenship.)Tj T* (Applicant's point is not frivolous, even if it is unpersuasive as to the\ ultimate disposition of the case. )Tj 40.34 0 Td (Applicant is not)Tj -40.34 -1.125 Td (asserting that the Department of Defense may not consider the security s\ ignificance of his legal behavior. )Tj 42.402 0 Td (He is asserting)Tj -42.402 -1.125 Td (that he is qualified for a clearance if he has met the letter of the Dir\ ective. )Tj 29.736 0 Td (Applicant's argument is not persuasive in this)Tj -29.736 -1.125 Td (case.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (The Directive does not require renunciation of dual citizenship. )Tj 25.602 0 Td (It does however specify that the exercise of dual)Tj -25.602 -1.125 Td (citizenship is a condition which may be disqualifying. )Tj 21.857 0 Td (It also specifies that an expressed willingness to renounce dual)Tj -21.857 -1.125 Td (citizenship is a mitigating factor. )Tj 13.385 0 Td (Thus, Applicant's case history of acquiring FC citizenship as an adult a\ nd not)Tj -13.385 -1.125 Td (renouncing that citizenship is a pertinent issue. )Tj 18.995 0 Td (The Board has said repeatedly, however, that the presence or absence of)Tj -18.995 -1.125 Td (specific disqualifying or mitigating conditions is not dispositive. )Tj 26.025 0 Td (Ultimately, the decision must consider the whole)Tj -26.025 -1.125 Td (person.)Tj T* (Signed: Michael Y. Ra'anan)Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 16 402.75 cm 0 0 m 134.795 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 16 378 Tm (Michael Y. Ra'anan)Tj T* (Administrative Judge)Tj T* (Member, Appeal Board)Tj T* (1. )Tj (Both parties cite to Administrative Judge decisions to support their app\ eal arguments. )Tj 35.521 0 Td (\(The Board notes Applicant's)Tj -35.521 -1.125 Td (reply brief erroneously identifies some DOHA Judge decisions as Board de\ cisions.\) )Tj 33.77 0 Td (A party is free to cite a Judge's)Tj -33.77 -1.125 Td (decision as persuasive authority. )Tj 13.247 0 Td (However, an appellate tribunal is not bound by decisions issued by subor\ dinate)Tj -13.247 -1.125 Td (tribunals. )Tj 4 0 Td (Thus the Board is not bound by decisions made by DOHA Judges. )Tj 26.858 0 Td (The Board need not reconcile its rulings in)Tj -30.858 -1.125 Td (this or any other case with rulings made by DOHA Judges.)Tj T* (2. )Tj (Applicant argues the Supreme Court's decision in )Tj /TT2 1 Tf 21.037 0 Td (Department of Navy v. Egan)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 11.414 0 Td (, 484 U.S. 518 \(1988\) should be)Tj -32.451 -1.125 Td (limited)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (to the specific statute and agency regulations addressed in that case. )Tj 30.462 0 Td (Applicant's argument fails because the)Tj -30.462 -1.125 Td (lower federal)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (courts have applied the )Tj /TT2 1 Tf 15.049 0 Td (Egan)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( decision broadly, not narrowly, in cases involving security clearance)Tj -15.049 -1.125 Td (decisions. )Tj /TT2 1 Tf (See, e.g.,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Becerra v. Dalton)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 15.246 0 Td (, 94 F.3d 145 \(4th Cir. 1996\), )Tj /TT2 1 Tf (cert. denied)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 16.748 0 Td (, 117 S.Ct. 1087 \(1997\); )Tj /TT2 1 Tf (Brazil v. United)Tj -31.994 -1.125 Td (States Department of)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Navy)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 10.748 0 Td (, 66 F.3d 193 \(9th Cir. 1995\), )Tj /TT2 1 Tf (cert. denied)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 16.748 0 Td (, 116 S.Ct. 1317 \(1996\); )Tj /TT2 1 Tf (Beattie v. Boeing Co.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 18.47 0 Td (, 43)Tj -45.966 -1.125 Td (F.3d 559 \(10th Cir.)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (1994\), )Tj /TT2 1 Tf (cert. denied)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 15.498 0 Td (, 514 U.S. 1127 \(1995\); )Tj /TT2 1 Tf (Guillot v. Garrett)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 16.75 0 Td (, 970 F.2d 1320 \(4th Cir. 1992\);)Tj /TT2 1 Tf -32.248 -1.125 Td (Dorfmont v. Brown)Tj /TT0 1 Tf (, 913)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (F.2d 1399 \(9th Cir. 1990\), )Tj /TT2 1 Tf (cert. denied)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 25.498 0 Td (, 499 U.S. 905 \(1991\).)Tj -25.498 -2.125 Td (3. )Tj /TT2 1 Tf (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 4.332 0 Td (, ISCR Case No. 97-0752 \(December 4, 1998\) at p. 4 \(government need n\ ot show that an applicant presents a)Tj -4.332 -1.125 Td ("clear and present danger" to security\)\(citing )Tj /TT2 1 Tf 18.198 0 Td (Smith v. Schlesinger)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 8.137 0 Td (, 513 F.2d 462, 476 n.48 \(D.C. Cir. 1975\)\).)Tj -26.335 -2.125 Td (4. )Tj (Applicant asserts he was "almost coerced or placed in the position where\ he was forced to acquire [FC] citizenship in)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (order to maintain his residency" \(Reply Brief at p. 17\). )Tj 22.125 0 Td (The record evidence simply does not support that assertion.)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 19 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 6/Type/Page>> endobj 52 0 obj [54 0 R 55 0 R] endobj 53 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (98-0507.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/98-0507.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([7/7/2021 3:17:07 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 755.25 Tm (The security significance of an applicant's family ties in a foreign cou\ ntry does not turn on the simple question of)Tj ET Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 741.75 Tm (whether)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (the applicant's relatives have official ties with a foreign government. \ )Tj 31.113 0 Td (Some foreign family ties can have security)Tj -31.113 -1.125 Td (significance even where the family member is not a member of a foreign g\ overnment. )Tj 34.626 0 Td (\(By the same token it cannot be)Tj -34.626 -1.125 Td (stated that all family ties to a foreign government are disqualifying.\)\ )Tj 27.547 0 Td (Department Counsel is correct in noting that)Tj -27.547 -1.125 Td (foreign)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (influence can be brought to bear on an applicant even if the applicant's\ family members have no official ties)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (with a foreign)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (government. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 11.136 0 Td (Cf. Scarbeck v. United States)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 11.664 0 Td (, 317 F.2d 546, 548-49 \(D.C. Cir. 1963\)\(defendant pressured to)Tj -22.799 -1.125 Td (work for)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (foreign intelligence service through threats made against defendant's fo\ reign paramour\), )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 39.193 0 Td (cert. denied)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 4.72 0 Td (, 374 U.S.)Tj -43.914 -1.125 Td (856)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (\(1963\). )Tj (Indeed, human experience shows that a person may be subjected to coercio\ n or undue influence when a)Tj T* (third)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (party \()Tj /TT1 1 Tf 4.776 0 Td (e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf (, police state, terrorist, kidnapper, or criminal seeking to intimidate \ a potential witness\) brings pressure)Tj -4.776 -1.375 Td (to bear)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (on, or makes threats against, the family members of the person who is th\ e ultimate target.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 481.1992 635.25 Tm (\(15\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 481.1992 634.5 cm 0 0 m 16.244 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 497.4429 630.75 Tm ( )Tj (Furthermore, even)Tj -40.12 -1.375 Td (in the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (absence of coercion being brought to bear on family members in a foreign\ country,)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 444.5254 618.75 Tm (\(16\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 444.5254 618 cm 0 0 m 16.244 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 460.769 614.25 Tm ( some family ties may have)Tj -37.064 -1.125 Td (security)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (significance because of the particular facts and circumstances involved \ \()Tj /TT1 1 Tf 32.375 0 Td (e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf (, family member is an officer or)Tj -32.375 -1.125 Td (employee of a foreign company that engages in industrial espionage or de\ als in military technology\). These examples)Tj T* (are not exhaustive, but merely illustrative, and show that the security \ significance of family ties in a foreign country)Tj T* (cannot be)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (evaluated in a simplistic manner. )Tj 17.55 0 Td (The Administrative Judge must consider all the facts and circumstances o\ f)Tj -17.55 -1.125 Td (an)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (applicant's case, including the form of government and the nature of the\ foreign family's ties, interests and)Tj T* (vulnerabilities.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Department Counsel has not demonstrated that the record evidence in this\ case required the Administrative Judge to find)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Applicant's family ties in FC posed an unacceptable security risk. )Tj 26.424 0 Td (However, Department Counsel has persuasively)Tj -26.424 -1.125 Td (argued)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (that it was arbitrary and capricious for the Judge to conclude Applicant\ 's family members who are FC citizens)Tj T* (could not)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (exercise foreign influence on Applicant solely because they have no offi\ cial ties with the FC government.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (\(d\) )Tj (Totality of Administrative Judge's errors)Tj ET 0 G q 1 0 0 1 32.9922 441 cm 0 0 m 194.789 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 227.7812 441.75 Tm (. )Tj (Department Counsel contends the totality of the Administrative Judge's)Tj -17.648 -1.125 Td (errors warrant reversal, or in the alternative, remand. )Tj 21.351 0 Td (The Board need not decide whether the Judge's various errors,)Tj -21.351 -1.125 Td (standing alone, are harmful. )Tj 11.44 0 Td (Taken in their totality, the Judge's errors are harmful and precluding a\ n affirmation of the)Tj -11.44 -1.125 Td (Judge's favorable security clearance decision.)Tj T* (The Administrative Judge's sustainable findings about the facts and circ\ umstances of Applicant's conduct and situation)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (raise serious questions about his security eligibility. )Tj 20.941 0 Td (Applicant had the burden of presenting evidence of extenuation,)Tj -20.941 -1.125 Td (mitigation or changed circumstances sufficient to )Tj 19.994 0 Td (warrant a conclusion that it is clearly consistent with the national)Tj -19.994 -1.125 Td (interest to grant or continue a security clearance for him. )Tj 22.907 0 Td (Directive, Additional Procedural Guidance, Item 15. )Tj 21.243 0 Td (Given the)Tj -44.15 -1.125 Td (clearly consistent with the national interest standard, that burden is a\ heavy one. )Tj 32.24 0 Td (The Judge's errors fatally undercut her)Tj -32.24 -1.125 Td (findings of extenuation and mitigation. )Tj 15.831 0 Td (Absent sustainable findings of extenuation or mitigation, the Judge did \ not have)Tj -15.831 -1.125 Td (a)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (rational basis for her conclusion that it is clearly consistent with the\ national interest to grant or continue a security)Tj T* (clearance for Applicant.)Tj /TT2 1 Tf 0 -2.125 TD (Conclusion)Tj /TT0 1 Tf T* (Department Counsel has met its burden of demonstrating harmful error. )Tj 28.965 0 Td (Pursuant to Item 33.c. of the Directive's)Tj -28.965 -1.125 Td (Additional Procedural Guidance, the Board reverses the Administrative Ju\ dge's December 23, 1998 decision.)Tj T* (Signed: Emilio Jaksetic)Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 16 190.5 cm 0 0 m 113.32 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 16 165.75 Tm (Emilio Jaksetic)Tj T* (Administrative Judge)Tj T* (Chairman, Appeal Board)Tj T* (See concurring opinion)Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 16 88.5 cm 0 0 m 111.973 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 16 63.75 Tm (Michael Y. Ra'anan)Tj ET q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 12 0 0 12 16 38.25 Tm (Administrative Judge)Tj ET EMC Q endstream endobj 54 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[481.0 633.0 497.0 644.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 55 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[444.0 616.0 460.0 627.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 18 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 5/Type/Page>> endobj 56 0 obj [58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R] endobj 57 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (98-0507.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/98-0507.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([7/7/2021 3:17:07 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 755.25 Tm (contrary)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (to law: \(a\) the Judge erred by focusing on the legal status of Applica\ nt's dual citizenship instead of focusing on)Tj ET Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 741.75 Tm (the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (security significance of Applicant's voluntary procurement of FC citizen\ ship; \(b\) the record evidence does not)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (support the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Judge's conclusion that Applicant has demonstrated his preference for th\ e United States; \(c\) the Judge's)Tj T* (rationale for)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (clearing Applicant with respect to Criterion B is implausible, reflects \ a clear error of judgment, and fails to)Tj T* (consider an)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (important aspect of the case; and \(d\) the totality of the Judge's erro\ rs warrants reversal, or in the alternative,)Tj T* (remand.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (\(a\) )Tj (Legal status of Applicant's dual citizenship)Tj ET 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 32.3184 661.5 cm 0 0 m 206.443 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 238.7617 662.25 Tm (. )Tj (Department Counsel's argument on this point has mixed merit. )Tj 25.787 0 Td (A close)Tj -44.351 -1.125 Td (reading of the Administrative Judge's decision shows she did not do quit\ e what Department Counsel claims she did. )Tj 46.589 0 Td (The)Tj -46.589 -1.125 Td (Judge stated --- in connection with Applicant's use of an FC passport --\ - that "[c]onduct potentially indicative of foreign)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (preference may still be of security concern despite its legality if it i\ ncreases the risk of an individual making decisions)Tj T* (influenced by needs, desires, or aims of a foreign nation." )Tj 23.318 0 Td (Later in the same paragraph, the Judge referred to statements)Tj -23.318 -1.375 Td (Applicant claims were made to him by United States embassy personnel)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 363.25 596.25 Tm (\(12\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG q 1 0 0 1 363.25 595.5 cm 0 0 m 16.244 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 379.4937 591.75 Tm ( and FC government officials. )Tj 12.22 0 Td (However, the)Tj -42.511 -1.125 Td (Judge did so in connection with the Judge's consideration of Applicant's\ state of mind when he decided to become an FC)Tj T* (citizen, not the legality of Applicant's decision. )Tj 19.092 0 Td (Accordingly, Department Counsel's argument lacks merit to the extent it)Tj -19.092 -1.125 Td (is based on the contention that the Administrative Judge relied on the l\ egality of Applicant's conduct to reach favorable)Tj T* (conclusions about Applicant's security eligibility.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Department Counsel's argument has merit to the extent it contends the Ad\ ministrative Judge failed to give due)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (consideration to the security significance of Applicant's voluntary proc\ urement of FC citizenship. )Tj 39.253 0 Td (The exercise of dual)Tj -39.253 -1.125 Td (citizenship places a person in a position of being subject to duties or \ obligations owed to two different countries, which)Tj T* (could subject the person to competing or conflicting claims. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 24.216 0 Td (See)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( ISCR Case No. 98-0419 \(April 30, 1999\) at p. 8. )Tj (A)Tj -24.216 -1.125 Td (person who voluntarily obtains the citizenship of a foreign country as a\ n adult is taking an action that is fraught with)Tj T* (serious implications for the person's allegiance, duties, and obligation\ s. )Tj 28.729 0 Td (Those implications, in turn, raise serious)Tj -28.729 -1.125 Td (questions about the person's security eligibility. )Tj 19.261 0 Td (An applicant faced with competing claims from two different countries)Tj -19.261 -1.125 Td (based on citizenship in those countries )Tj 15.663 0 Td (may confront the dilemma of how to reconcile those competing claims and \ still)Tj -15.663 -1.125 Td (faithfully fulfill the fiduciary obligations associated with being grant\ ed a security clearance. )Tj 37.015 0 Td (Accordingly, an applicant)Tj -37.015 -1.125 Td (who, as an adult, voluntarily assumes the responsibilities of foreign ci\ tizenship has a heavier burden to overcome than)Tj 0 -1.375 TD (does someone who has foreign citizenship by birth.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 262.6152 378.75 Tm (\(13\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 262.6152 378 cm 0 0 m 16.244 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 348.75 Tm (\(b\) )Tj (Applicant's preference for United States)Tj ET 0 G q 1 0 0 1 32.9922 348 cm 0 0 m 192.088 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 225.0801 348.75 Tm (. )Tj (Department Counsel contends the record evidence runs contrary to the)Tj -17.423 -1.125 Td (Administrative Judge's finding that Applicant has demonstrated a prefere\ nce for the United States. )Tj 39.613 0 Td (Department Counsel)Tj -39.613 -1.125 Td (argues the record evidence shows Applicant has expressed only a conditio\ nal intention of renouncing his FC citizenship)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (and giving up his FC passport, and that Applicant's conditional intentio\ n is more indicative of his preference to keep his)Tj T* (job with a defense contractor than a preference for the United States ov\ er FC.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (As discussed earlier in this decision, the Administrative Judge erred by\ concluding that Applicant "clearly states" his)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (intention to renounce FC citizenship and give up his FC passport. )Tj 26.441 0 Td (Because that erroneous conclusion was pivotal to the)Tj -26.441 -1.125 Td (Judge's analysis under Criterion C, the Board cannot sustain the Judge's\ favorable formal findings under Criterion C.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (\(c\) )Tj (Administrative Judge's rationale concerning foreign influence)Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 32.3184 216 cm 0 0 m 296.396 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 328.7148 216.75 Tm (. )Tj (The Administrative Judge concluded Applicant's)Tj -26.06 -1.125 Td (family ties in FC did not warrant adverse formal findings under Criterio\ n B because: \(1\) his family members who are)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (FC)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (citizens could not exercise foreign influence on Applicant because they \ have no official ties with the FC)Tj T* (government; and)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (\(2\) Applicant's financial interests in FC do not make him vulnerable t\ o coercion or undue influence.)Tj T* (Department Counsel)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (contends the Judge's reasoning is arbitrary and capricious because it ig\ nores the possibility that)Tj T* (foreign influence could be)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (exercised by a foreign government over an applicant through pressure on \ the applicant's)Tj 0 -1.375 TD (family members located in the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (foreign country.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 242.2598 137.25 Tm (\(14\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG q 1 0 0 1 242.2598 136.5 cm 0 0 m 16.244 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 107.25 Tm (The mere possession of family ties with persons in a foreign country is \ not, as a matter of law, disqualifying under)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Criterion B. )Tj 5.027 0 Td (The language of Criterion B \(Foreign Influence\) in the Adjudicative Gu\ idelines makes clear that the)Tj -5.027 -1.125 Td (possession of such family ties )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 12.193 0 Td (may)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( pose a security risk. )Tj 10.108 0 Td (Whether an applicant's family ties in a foreign country pose a)Tj -22.302 -1.125 Td (security risk depends on a common sense evaluation of the overall facts \ and circumstances of those family ties. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 44.736 0 Td (See)Tj /TT0 1 Tf -44.736 -1.125 Td (ISCR)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Case No. 98-0419 \(April 30, 1999\) at p. 5.)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 58 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[363.0 594.0 379.0 605.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 59 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[262.0 376.0 278.0 387.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 60 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[242.0 135.0 258.0 146.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 17 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 4/Type/Page>> endobj 61 0 obj [63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R] endobj 62 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (98-0507.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/98-0507.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([7/7/2021 3:17:07 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 755.25 Tm (of)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (an applicant's choices or the situations and circumstances that applican\ ts find themselves in as a result of their)Tj ET Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 741.75 Tm (choices. )Tj 3.499 0 Td (Even if an applicant chooses to engage in conduct or place himself or he\ rself in a situation that is legally)Tj -3.499 -1.125 Td (available, the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (government is not precluded from deciding whether the applicant's choice\ has security significance. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 45.747 0 Td (See,)Tj -45.747 -1.125 Td (e.g., Gayer v.)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Schlesinger)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 10.302 0 Td (, 490 F.2d 740, 752-54 \(D.C. Cir. 1973\)\(government entitled to deny s\ ecurity clearance to)Tj -10.302 -1.125 Td (applicant )Tj 3.915 0 Td (who)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (refused to provide information based on claim of privacy\); )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 25.659 0 Td (Clifford v. Shoultz)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 7.306 0 Td (, 413 F.2d 868 \(9th Cir.)Tj -36.88 -1.125 Td (1969\) \(government)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (could suspend applicant's security clearance based on his refusal to ans\ wer questions based on claim)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (of constitutional)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (privilege\), )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 11.164 0 Td (cert. denied)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 4.72 0 Td (, 396 U.S. 962 \(1969\); ISCR Case No. 98-0349 \(February 3, 1999\) at p\ . 3)Tj -15.884 -1.125 Td (\(neither filing for)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (bankruptcy nor discharge of debts in bankruptcy precludes consideration \ of security significance of)Tj T* (applicant's financial)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (problems\). )Tj 12.787 0 Td (Therefore, the fact that Applicant has the right to decide whether to re\ linquish his FC)Tj -12.787 -1.125 Td (citizenship and his FC)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (passport \(and if so when\) does not preclude the government from consid\ ering the security)Tj T* (significance of his decision.)Tj 0 -2.375 TD (\(c\) )Tj (Foreign Influence Mitigating Condition 3)Tj ET 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 32.3184 591 cm 0 0 m 199.307 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 231.625 591.75 Tm (.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 234.625 596.25 Tm (\(9\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG q 1 0 0 1 234.625 595.5 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 245.9937 591.75 Tm ( )Tj (Department Counsel argues: \(a\) the Administrative Judge erred by)Tj -19.166 -1.125 Td (applying Foreign Influence Mitigating Condition 3 because it cannot be a\ pplied in a case where the applicant's foreign)Tj 0 -1.375 TD (contacts are family members; and \(b\) the )Tj 16.632 0 Td (Judge's decision not to apply Foreign Influence Mitigating Condition 1)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 556.041 566.25 Tm (\(10\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 556.041 565.5 cm 0 0 m 16.244 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 572.2847 561.75 Tm ( was)Tj -46.357 -1.125 Td (outcome determinative.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Nothing in the plain language of Foreign Influence Mitigating Condition \ 3 precludes its application when the foreign)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (citizens in question are immediate family members, a cohabitant, or asso\ ciates of an applicant. )Tj 38.07 0 Td (Department Counsel's)Tj -38.07 -1.125 Td (argument to the contrary is not persuasive. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 17.273 0 Td (See)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( ISCR Case No. 98-0592 \(May 4, 1999\) at p. 7.)Tj -17.273 -2.125 Td (It is untenable for Department Counsel to contend that the Administrativ\ e Judge's decision not to apply Foreign)Tj T* (Influence)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (itigating Condition 1 would require, as a matter of law, an adverse deci\ sion in this case. )Tj 39.322 0 Td (As discussed earlier)Tj -39.322 -1.125 Td (in this)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (decision, the mere presence or absence of an Adjudicative Guideline for \ or against clearance is not solely)Tj T* (dispositive of a)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (case.)Tj 0 -2.375 TD (\(d\) )Tj (Foreign Influence Mitigating Condition 5)Tj ET 0 G q 1 0 0 1 32.9922 400.5 cm 0 0 m 199.307 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 232.2988 401.25 Tm (.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 235.2988 405.75 Tm (\(11\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG q 1 0 0 1 235.2988 405 cm 0 0 m 16.244 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 251.5425 401.25 Tm ( )Tj (Department Counsel contends it was arbitrary and capricious for the)Tj -19.629 -1.125 Td (Administrative Judge to apply Foreign Influence Mitigating Condition 5 b\ ecause: \(1\) the government's case against)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Applicant was not based on his having financial interests in FC; and \(2\ \) the Judge's reasoning was based on a non)Tj T* (sequitur. )Tj (This contention has mixed merit.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (The SOR did not allege, and Department Counsel did not seek to prove, th\ at Applicant had financial interests in FC.)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (However, there was record evidence that Applicant had some personal belo\ ngings stored in FC. )Tj 38.544 0 Td (Given that record)Tj -38.544 -1.125 Td (evidence, it was not arbitrary, capricious, or contrary to law for the A\ dministrative Judge to consider whether Foreign)Tj T* (Influence Mitigating Condition 5 should be applied. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 21.052 0 Td (See)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( Directive, Section F.3. )Tj 10.914 0 Td (Indeed, Department Counsel essentially)Tj -31.966 -1.125 Td (concedes the point in a footnote that states "Department Counsel is not \ arguing that the amount of an applicant's foreign)Tj T* (financial interests is not relevant information under the Directive's 'w\ hole person' concept.")Tj 0 -2.125 TD (However, nothing in the record evidence of this case provides a rational\ basis for the Administrative Judge to conclude)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (there was any factual or logical connection between the nature and stren\ gth of Applicant's family ties with FC citizens)Tj T* (and)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (the value of his personal belongings in storage in FC. )Tj 23.274 0 Td (Accordingly, it was arbitrary and capricious for the Judge to)Tj -23.274 -1.125 Td (reason)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (that the security concerns raised by Applicant's family ties with FC cit\ izens "are mitigated by the fact that)Tj T* (Applicant's)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (foreign financial interests are minimal and not sufficient to affect [hi\ s] security responsibilities as they are)Tj T* (confined to)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (items in a storage locker.")Tj 0 -2.125 TD (\(e\) )Tj (Deviations from Adjudicative Guidelines)Tj ET 0 G q 1 0 0 1 32.3184 148.5 cm 0 0 m 198.287 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 230.6055 149.25 Tm (. )Tj (As discussed earlier in this decision, Department Counsel has failed to)Tj -17.884 -1.125 Td (demonstrate the Judge erred in her application of Foreign Influence Miti\ gating Condition 3, but has demonstrated the)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Judge erred in her application of Foreign Preference Mitigating Conditio\ n 4 )Tj 30.575 0 Td (and Foreign Influence Mitigating Condition)Tj -30.575 -1.125 Td (5. )Tj (However, the errors of the Judge demonstrated by Department Counsel do n\ ot involve any attempted deviations from)Tj T* (the language of the pertinent Adjudicative Guidelines. )Tj 21.937 0 Td (Accordingly, this argument adds nothing to support the merits of)Tj -21.937 -1.125 Td (Department Counsel's appeal.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (4. )Tj (Whether the Administrative Judge's decision is arbitrary, capricious, or\ contrary to law)Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 28 55.5 cm 0 0 m 417.035 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 445.0352 56.25 Tm (. )Tj (Department Counsel makes)Tj -35.753 -1.125 Td (several arguments in support of its contention that the Administrative J\ udge's decision is arbitrary, capricious, or)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 63 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[234.0 594.0 245.0 605.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 64 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[556.0 564.0 572.0 575.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 65 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[235.0 403.0 251.0 414.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 16 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 3/Type/Page>> endobj 66 0 obj [68 0 R] endobj 67 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (98-0507.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/98-0507.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([7/7/2021 3:17:07 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 755.25 Tm (Guidelines because: \(a\) the Administrative Judge did not properly eval\ uate the likelihood Applicant would continue to)Tj ET Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 741.75 Tm (engage in his conduct; \(b\) the record evidence does not support the Ju\ dge's application of Foreign Preference Mitigating)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Condition 4; \(c\) the Judge improperly applied Foreign Influence Mitiga\ ting Condition 3; \(d\) the Judge improperly)Tj T* (applied)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Foreign Influence Mitigating Condition 5; and \(e\) the Judge did not pr\ ovide an explanation for her deviations)Tj T* (from the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Adjudicative Guidelines.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (An Administrative Judge must apply pertinent provisions of the Adjudicat\ ive Guidelines. )Tj 35.994 0 Td (Directive, Section F.3. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 9.276 0 Td (See,)Tj -45.27 -1.125 Td (e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf (, ISCR Case No. 98-0380 \(March 8, 1999\) at p. 3. )Tj (Although a Judge has the discretion to deviate from the literal)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (language of pertinent Adjudicative Guidelines, the Judge must articulate\ a rational basis for doing so. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 40.794 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf (, ISCR)Tj -40.794 -1.125 Td (Case No. 97-0825 \(January 7, 1999\) at p. 3; ISCR Case No. 97-0803 \(Ju\ ne 19, 1998\) at p. 2. )Tj 37.217 0 Td (Furthermore, the mere)Tj -37.217 -1.125 Td (presence or absence of Adjudicative Guidelines for or against clearance \ is not solely dispositive of a case. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 42.596 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf (,)Tj -42.596 -1.125 Td (ISCR)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Case No. 97-0765 \(December 1, 1998\) at p. 6; ISCR Case No. 98-0111 \(N\ ovember 13, 1998\) at p. 4. )Tj 43.077 0 Td (The Board)Tj -43.077 -1.125 Td (will)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (consider Department Counsel's appeal arguments in light of these legal p\ rinciples.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (\(a\) )Tj (Likelihood of recurrence)Tj ET 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 32.3184 568.5 cm 0 0 m 119.273 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 151.5918 569.25 Tm (. Department Counsel contends the Administrative Judge failed to properl\ y evaluate the)Tj -11.299 -1.125 Td (likelihood Applicant would continue to engage in the exercise of dual ci\ tizenship because the Judge ignored the record)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (evidence that Applicant might use his FC passport in the future. )Tj 25.773 0 Td (This contention overlaps Department Counsel's)Tj -25.773 -1.125 Td (argument)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (concerning Foreign Preference Mitigating Condition 4 and will be conside\ red along with that argument.)Tj 0 -2.375 TD (\(b\) )Tj (Foreign Preference Mitigating Condition 4)Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 32.9922 499.5 cm 0 0 m 205.295 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 238.2871 500.25 Tm (.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 241.2871 504.75 Tm (\(8\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG q 1 0 0 1 241.2871 504 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 252.6558 500.25 Tm ( )Tj (Department Counsel contends the record evidence does not support)Tj -19.721 -1.125 Td (the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Administrative Judge's application of Foreign Preference Mitigating Cond\ ition 4. )Tj 34.257 0 Td (This contention has merit.)Tj -34.257 -2.125 Td (Department Counsel correctly notes that there is conflicting record evid\ ence on whether Applicant is willing to)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (renounce)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (his FC citizenship and give up his FC passport. )Tj 23.025 0 Td (The presence of such conflicting record evidence does not)Tj -23.025 -1.125 Td (reduce the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Administrative Judge's responsibility as trier of fact to weigh the evid\ ence and make factual findings. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 45.166 0 Td (See,)Tj -45.166 -1.125 Td (e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf (, ISCR)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Case No. 97-0630 \(May 28, 1998\) at p. 2. )Tj (Indeed, the Judge often must weigh conflicting record evidence)Tj T* (and decide)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (which evidence is more credible or persuasive in light of the record evi\ dence as a whole. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 40.29 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 3.332 0 Td (, ISCR)Tj -43.621 -1.125 Td (Case No. 95-0576 \(May 7, 1996\) at p. 3. )Tj (However, the presence of such conflicting evidence requires the Judge to\ )Tj T* (carefully consider)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (the record evidence as a whole and weigh it in a reasonable manner. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 34.929 0 Td (See)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( Directive, Additional)Tj -34.929 -1.125 Td (Procedural Guidance, Item)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (32.a. \("The Appeal Board shall . . . determine whether or not: a. The A\ dministrative Judge's)Tj T* (findings of fact are supported)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (by such relevant evidence)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 22.38 0 Td ( as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a)Tj -22.38 -1.125 Td (conclusion in light of all the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (contrary evidence in the same record)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 26.411 0 Td (."\)\(emphasis added\).)Tj -26.411 -2.125 Td (An applicant's stated intentions concerning retention or renunciation of\ foreign citizenship constitute relevant and)Tj T* (material)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (evidence. )Tj 7.579 0 Td (However, such stated intentions are not dispositive. )Tj 20.857 0 Td (Such statements of intent must be evaluated in)Tj -28.436 -1.125 Td (light of the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (record evidence as a whole to determine whether they are consistent with\ an applicant's conduct. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 43.526 0 Td (See, e.g.,)Tj -43.526 -1.125 Td (Vance v.)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Terrazas)Tj /TT0 1 Tf (, 444 U.S. 252, 260 \(1980\)\(noting intent can be expressed in words or\ "found as a fair inference from)Tj T* (proved)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (conduct"\);)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 7.211 0 Td ( Sadat v. Mertes)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 6.499 0 Td (, 615 F.2d 1176, 1181 \(7th Cir. 1980\)\(noting person's statements abou\ t his domicile)Tj -13.71 -1.125 Td (had to be)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (evaluated in light of evidence of person's conduct\). )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 24.561 0 Td (Cf.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( DISCR Case No. 90-0239 \(February 23, 1994\) at p. 6)Tj -24.561 -1.125 Td (\(applicant's)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (denial of intent to conceal material facts is relevant evidence, but not\ conclusive, and must be considered in)Tj T* (light of all the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (record evidence\). )Tj 13.078 0 Td (Furthermore, any recent statements by an applicant about his or her inte\ ntions)Tj -13.078 -1.125 Td (concerning retention or)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (renunciation of foreign citizenship must be considered in light of any e\ arlier statements by an)Tj T* (applicant, especially prior)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (inconsistent ones. )Tj 17.967 0 Td (Given the conflicting record evidence about Applicant's intentions, it w\ as)Tj -17.967 -1.125 Td (arbitrary and capricious for)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (the Administrative Judge to conclude that Applicant "clearly states" his\ intention to)Tj T* (renounce FC citizenship and give up)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (his FC passport. )Tj 21.608 0 Td (The overall evidence on Applicant's willingness to renounce his)Tj -21.608 -1.125 Td (FC citizenship and give up his FC)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (passport is neither clear nor unequivocal. )Tj 30.55 0 Td (Furthermore, the Judge's conclusion is)Tj -30.55 -1.125 Td (arbitrary and capricious because it)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (conflicts with the Judge's finding that Applicant would need to use his \ FC passport to)Tj T* (reenter FC.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Applicant argues that the Adjudicative Guidelines do not require applica\ nts to relinquish dual citizenship or surrender)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (foreign passports prior to a hearing. )Tj 14.524 0 Td (Applicant is correct, but his argument is misplaced. )Tj 20.828 0 Td (The purpose of the Directive is)Tj -35.352 -1.125 Td (to provide procedural and substantive guidance on the adjudication of se\ curity clearance cases, including informing)Tj T* (applicants and security adjudicators as to the kinds of conduct or circu\ mstances that may have security significance. )Tj 46.651 0 Td (The)Tj -46.651 -1.125 Td (right of applicants to make choices in life does not preclude the govern\ ment from considering the security significance)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 68 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[241.0 502.0 252.0 513.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 15 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 2/Type/Page>> endobj 69 0 obj [71 0 R 72 0 R 73 0 R 74 0 R 75 0 R] endobj 70 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (98-0507.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/98-0507.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([7/7/2021 3:17:07 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 755.25 Tm (\(April 8, 1999\) at p. 3 \(general principles do not supersede a provis\ ion of law that specifically covers an issue in a case\).)Tj ET Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 741.75 Tm (A reading of Criterion B in the Directive \(Enclosure 2 at page 2-6 and \ 2-7\) clearly indicates that the government's)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (security)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (concerns under that Criterion are based on considerations of an applican\ t's possible vulnerability to coercion or)Tj T* (undue)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (influence because of contacts or ties with foreign countries. )Tj 26.741 0 Td (In a case involving Criterion B, Department Counsel)Tj -26.741 -1.125 Td (need not)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (present direct or objective evidence that affirmatively proves the appli\ cant is vulnerable to coercion or undue)Tj 0 -1.375 TD (influence,)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 63.6426 689.25 Tm (\(3\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 63.6426 688.5 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q BT 0 g /Span<>> BDC 12 0 0 12 75.0112 684.75 Tm ( )Tj EMC (but it does need to present evidence that demonstrates the applicant has\ engaged in conduct or is in a)Tj -4.918 -1.125 Td (situation that, as a)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (matter of common sense \(Directive, Section F.3.\) raises the kinds of s\ ecurity concerns covered by)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Criterion B.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Department Counsel correctly notes that, in general, the government need\ not wait until an applicant mishandles or fails)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (to)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (properly safeguard classified information before it can deny or revoke a\ ccess to classified information. )Tj 42.374 0 Td (However,)Tj -42.374 -1.125 Td (Department Counsel's argument cites that general proposition out of cont\ ext, ignoring important language the Board has)Tj T* (used in connection with it:)Tj 0 -2.125 TD ("All that is necessary is proof of fact and circumstances that indicate \ that an applicant is at risk for mishandling)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (classified)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (information, or that an applicant does not demonstrate the high degree o\ f judgment, reliability, or)Tj T* (trustworthiness required)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (of persons handling classified information." )Tj 27.736 0 Td (ISCR Case No. 98-0448 \(April 19, 1999\) at p. 3.)Tj /TT1 1 Tf -27.736 -1.125 Td (See also)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( ISCR Case No.)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (97-0440 \(November 23, 1998\) at p. 5; ISCR Case 96-0641 \(December 31, \ 1997\) at p. 4-5.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD ("All that it required is evidence that would allow an Administrative Jud\ ge to draw a reasonable inference that an)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (applicant's conduct or circumstances pose a security risk." )Tj 23.498 0 Td (ISCR Case No. 97-0752 \(December 4, 1998\) at p. 4. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 21.218 0 Td (See also)Tj /TT0 1 Tf -44.716 -1.125 Td (ISCR Case No. 96-0825 \(November 18, 1997\) at pp. 2-3.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Department Counsel's argument on this point would be plausible )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 26.148 0 Td (if)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( the Administrative Judge had based her favorable)Tj -26.148 -1.125 Td (decision on the absence of any evidence that Applicant had committed a s\ ecurity violation. )Tj 36.627 0 Td (However, the Judge did not)Tj -36.627 -1.125 Td (state, indicate or suggest any such rationale for her favorable decision\ . )Tj 28.406 0 Td (Accordingly, Department Counsel's argument is)Tj -28.406 -1.125 Td (groundless in this case.)Tj T* (2. )Tj (Whether one of the Administrative Judge's factual findings is not suppor\ ted by the record evidence)Tj ET 0 G q 1 0 0 1 28 381 cm 0 0 m 474.691 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 502.6914 381.75 Tm (. )Tj (The)Tj -40.558 -1.125 Td (Administrative Judge found that Applicant became a citizen of FC after h\ e learned that there was a United States court)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (decision that it was unconstitutional to require United States citizens \ to give up their United States citizenship if they)Tj 0 -1.375 TD (became foreign nationals.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 139.6152 342.75 Tm (\(4\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG q 1 0 0 1 139.6152 342 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 150.9839 338.25 Tm ( )Tj (Department Counsel contends that finding is not supported by the record \ evidence. )Tj 33.658 0 Td (In)Tj -44.907 -1.125 Td (support of that contention, Department Counsel argues: \(a\) Applicant d\ id not cite any federal court decision or ask the)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Judge to take administrative notice of any U.S. court decision; and \(b\)\ Applicant's statement on the point is based on his)Tj 0 -1.375 TD (recollection of an uncorroborated third-party statement, which is insuff\ icient to support the Judge's finding.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 531.0273 299.25 Tm (\(5\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 531.0273 298.5 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 542.396 294.75 Tm ( )Tj (For the)Tj -43.866 -1.125 Td (reasons that follow, the Board concludes Department Counsel has failed t\ o demonstrate the Judge's finding constitutes)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (error.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (First, an applicant need not cite any federal court decision or ask the \ Administrative Judge to take administrative notice)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (of)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (any federal court decision. )Tj 11.939 0 Td (It is untenable for Department Counsel to argue that an Administrative J\ udge cannot take)Tj -11.939 -1.125 Td (notice of any pertinent federal court decision. )Tj 18.437 0 Td (Neither an Administrative Judge nor this Board is precluded from)Tj -18.437 -1.125 Td (considering a pertinent federal court decision merely because neither pa\ rty cites to it nor asks that administrative notice)Tj T* (be)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (taken of it. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 5.748 0 Td (But see)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 2.916 0 Td ( ISCR Case No. 98-0419 \(April 30, 1999\) at pp. 6-7 \(explaining except\ ion to general rule in cases)Tj -8.664 -1.125 Td (where government alleges applicant engaged in criminal conduct in absenc\ e of a criminal conviction\).)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Second, Applicant's statement goes to his state of mind, not to the lega\ l correctness of his beliefs. )Tj 39.171 0 Td (Whether Applicant's)Tj -39.171 -1.375 Td (statement is legally correct)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 144.9473 137.25 Tm (\(6\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 144.9473 136.5 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 156.3159 132.75 Tm ( is immaterial to its relevance to assessing his state of mind when he d\ ecided to become an)Tj -11.693 -1.375 Td (FC citizen.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 68.6582 120.75 Tm (\(7\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 68.6582 120 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 80.0269 116.25 Tm ( )Tj (As Applicant notes in his reply brief, there is no legal requirement tha\ t an applicant cite case law in order)Tj -5.336 -1.125 Td (to)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (testify about his motivations or state of mind. )Tj 19.442 0 Td (Accordingly, harmful error is not demonstrated even if Applicant's)Tj -19.442 -1.125 Td (statement was based on his reliance on an uncorroborated third party sta\ tement about a legal matter.)Tj T* (3. )Tj (Whether the Administrative Judge failed to properly apply pertinent prov\ isions of the Adjudicative Guidelines)Tj ET 0 G q 1 0 0 1 28 63 cm 0 0 m 530.197 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 558.1973 63.75 Tm (.)Tj -45.183 -1.125 Td (Department Counsel contends the Administrative Judge failed to properly \ apply pertinent provisions of the Adjudicative)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 71 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[63.0 687.0 74.0 698.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 72 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[139.0 340.0 150.0 351.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 73 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[531.0 297.0 542.0 308.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 74 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[144.0 135.0 155.0 146.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 75 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[69.0 118.0 80.0 129.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 14 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 1/Type/Page>> endobj 76 0 obj [78 0 R 79 0 R] endobj 77 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (98-0507.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/98-0507.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([7/7/2021 3:17:07 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 754.5 Tm (Until 1993, Applicant lived in FC with a permanent resident visa. )Tj 26.468 0 Td (In January 1993, Applicant became a citizen of FC,)Tj ET Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 741 Tm (after he was informed by FC officials that his residency visa would not \ be renewed and that he could become a citizen)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (of)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (FC. )Tj (Applicant believed that there was a United States court decision that he\ ld it was unconstitutional to require)Tj T* (United)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (States citizens to give up their United States citizenship if they becam\ e foreign nationals. )Tj 38.823 0 Td (Applicant became an)Tj -38.823 -1.125 Td (FC citizen)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (for convenience because he traveled frequently because his family had bu\ siness in both FC and the United)Tj T* (States. )Tj (Applicant did not think that there would be any repercussions to being a\ n FC citizen. )Tj 37.104 0 Td (Applicant is now willing to)Tj -37.104 -1.125 Td (renounce his FC citizenship and surrender his FC passport in order to ke\ ep his defense contractor job.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Applicant has an FC and a United States passport. )Tj 20.274 0 Td (Applicant uses his United States passport when he travels to other)Tj -20.274 -1.125 Td (countries. )Tj 4.166 0 Td (He used his FC passport in March 1993 to reenter FC. )Tj 21.886 0 Td (He would need to use his FC passport to reenter FC in)Tj -26.052 -1.125 Td (the future because he does not have a permanent residency visa in his Un\ ited States passport.)Tj T* (Applicant's wife, whom he married in 1988, is an FC citizen. )Tj 24.62 0 Td (His wife's parents are FC citizens and live in that country.)Tj -24.62 -1.125 Td (Applicant's parents and two brothers also exercise dual citizenship, and\ one brother lives in FC. )Tj 38.476 0 Td (None of his family or)Tj -38.476 -1.125 Td (his)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (wife's family has any affiliation with the United States government or a\ ny foreign government. )Tj 39.67 0 Td (Applicant has casual,)Tj -39.67 -1.125 Td (infrequent contacts with his brother who lives in FC. )Tj 21.33 0 Td (Applicant's only financial interest in FC is some personal)Tj -21.33 -1.125 Td (belongings he stored there because he could not afford to ship them to t\ he United States.)Tj T* (Any security concerns arising from Applicant's dual citizenship are over\ come by his clear statement that he will)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (renounce)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (his FC citizenship and will no longer exercise any rights or privileges \ of FC citizenship. )Tj 39.353 0 Td (Applicant's wife and)Tj -39.353 -1.125 Td (her parents)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (could not exercise foreign influence over him because they have no offic\ ial ties with the FC government.)Tj T* (There is little)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (likelihood that Applicant's parents and brother, who returned to the Uni\ ted States, would exercise foreign)Tj T* (influence over)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (him. )Tj 8.053 0 Td (Applicant's contacts with his brother who lives in FC are casual and inf\ requent. )Tj 32.006 0 Td (There is no)Tj -40.059 -1.125 Td (evidence that)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Applicant's ties might subject him to duress or create a situation that \ could result in the compromise of)Tj T* (classified)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (information.)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 0 -2.375 TD (Appeal Issues)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg /TT0 1 Tf 9.75 0 0 9.75 86.3535 411 Tm (\(1\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 86.3535 410.25 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 381 Tm (1. )Tj (Whether the Administrative Judge improperly placed the burden of proof o\ n Department Counsel with respect to one)Tj ET 0 G q 1 0 0 1 28 380.25 cm 0 0 m 562.506 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 16 367.5 Tm (issue in the case)Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 16 366.75 cm 0 0 m 77.643 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 93.6426 367.5 Tm (. )Tj (Department Counsel contends the Administrative Judge improperly placed t\ he burden of proof on)Tj -6.47 -1.125 Td (Department Counsel to produce evidence showing that Applicant was vulner\ able to duress or undue influence. )Tj 44.487 0 Td (In)Tj -44.487 -1.125 Td (support)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (of this contention, Department Counsel argues: \(a\) Department Counsel'\ s burden of proof was satisfied because)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Applicant)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (admitted the SOR allegations; \(b\) nothing in the Directive requires De\ partment Counsel to present evidence)Tj T* (that)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Applicant's foreign ties made him vulnerable to duress or undue influenc\ e; and \(c\) the Judge's reasoning was)Tj T* (inconsistent)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (with the principles that direct or objective evidence of nexus is not re\ quired, and that the government need)Tj T* (not wait until)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (an applicant mishandles or fails to properly safeguard classified inform\ ation before it can deny or revoke)Tj T* (access to)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (classified information. )Tj 13.079 0 Td (For the reasons that follow, the Board concludes Department Counsel's ar\ guments fail)Tj -13.079 -1.375 Td (to)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (demonstrate the Judge erred.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 166.2812 261 Tm (\(2\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG q 1 0 0 1 166.2812 260.25 cm 0 0 m 11.369 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 231 Tm (A corollary of Department Counsel's obligation to prove controverted SOR\ allegations \(Directive, Additional)Tj T* (Procedural)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Guidance, Item 14\) is the proposition that Department Counsel is not ob\ ligated to prove uncontroverted)Tj T* (allegations. )Tj 4.832 0 Td (However, the mere fact that an applicant admits an SOR allegation does n\ ot preclude an Administrative)Tj -4.832 -1.125 Td (Judge from)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (considering whether the uncontroverted fact has security significance. )Tj 33.016 0 Td (For example, drawing an adverse)Tj -33.016 -1.125 Td (security)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (inference is not appropriate merely because an applicant admits he used \ a foreign passport before he became a)Tj T* (naturalized)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (United States citizen. )Tj /TT2 1 Tf 13.467 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 3.332 0 Td (, ISCR Case No. 97-0356 \(April 21, 1998\) at p. 4 \(explaining use of f\ oreign)Tj -16.799 -1.125 Td (passport and)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (voting in foreign elections before applicant became a naturalized United\ States citizen was not an exercise)Tj T* (of dual)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (citizenship\).)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Department Counsel correctly notes that there is no general obligation t\ hat the government prove that an applicant is)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (vulnerable to coercion or undue influence before it can deny or revoke a\ security clearance for that applicant. )Tj /TT2 1 Tf 43.896 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 3.332 0 Td (,)Tj -47.228 -1.125 Td (ISCR Case No. 96-0371 \(June 3, 1997\) at p. 3 \("Moreover, an adverse s\ ecurity clearance decision can be based on an)Tj T* (applicant's conduct or present circumstances that have security signific\ ance independent of any coercion or blackmail)Tj T* (possibilities."\). )Tj 6.27 0 Td (However, Department Counsel's argument fails to the extent it seeks to a\ pply that general proposition to)Tj -6.27 -1.125 Td (Criterion B \(Foreign Influence\) without consideration of the language \ of that Criterion. )Tj /TT2 1 Tf 35.129 0 Td (Cf.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( ISCR Case No. 98-0320)Tj ET 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