%PDF-1.6 % 1 0 obj <> endobj 2 0 obj <>stream 2021-07-07T15:18:01-04:00 2021-07-07T15:18-04:00 2021-07-07T15:18:01-04:00 Adobe Acrobat 17.0 application/pdf 99-0228.a1 uuid:92c55eb1-602b-41ff-b689-e3eabfe17dad uuid:4b1a7b22-738d-4ae6-9cda-e21152bece08 Acrobat Web Capture 15.0 endstream endobj 5 0 obj <> endobj 6 0 obj <> endobj 3 0 obj <> endobj 7 0 obj <> endobj 8 0 obj <> endobj 20 0 obj <>>> endobj 21 0 obj <> endobj 22 0 obj <> endobj 24 0 obj [23 0 R 23 0 R] endobj 25 0 obj [23 0 R 23 0 R] endobj 26 0 obj [23 0 R 23 0 R] endobj 27 0 obj [23 0 R 23 0 R] endobj 28 0 obj [23 0 R 23 0 R] endobj 29 0 obj [23 0 R 23 0 R] endobj 30 0 obj [23 0 R 23 0 R] endobj 23 0 obj <><><><><><><><><><><><>]/P 21 0 R/Pg 13 0 R/S/Article>> endobj 13 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 0/Type/Page>> endobj 31 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (99-0228.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/99-0228.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([7/7/2021 3:18:00 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f 0.604 g q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 734.2497 cm 0 0 m 0.75 -0.75 l 579 -0.75 l 579.749 0 l h f Q 0.933 g q 1 0 0 1 16.7499 733.5 cm 0 0 m -0.75 -0.75 l 579 -0.75 l 578.25 0 l h f Q 0.604 g q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 732.7503 cm 0 0 m 0.75 0.75 l 0 1.499 l h f Q 0.933 g q 1 0 0 1 594.9999 733.5 cm 0 0 m 0.75 -0.75 l 0.75 0.75 l h f Q 0.604 g q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 618.75 cm 0 0 m 0.75 -0.75 l 579 -0.75 l 579.749 0 l h f Q 0.933 g q 1 0 0 1 16.7499 618.0003 cm 0 0 m -0.75 -0.751 l 579 -0.751 l 578.25 0 l h f Q 0.604 g q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 617.2497 cm 0 0 m 0.75 0.751 l 0 1.5 l h f Q 0.933 g q 1 0 0 1 594.9999 618.0003 cm 0 0 m 0.75 -0.751 l 0.75 0.75 l h f Q /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 749.25 Tm (DATE: March 12, 2001)Tj 0 -3.25 TD (In Re:)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (-------------------)Tj T* (SSN: -----------)Tj T* (Applicant for Security Clearance)Tj 0 -3.25 TD (ISCR Case No. 99-0228)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 11.641 -2.125 Td (APPEAL BOARD DECISION AND REVERSAL ORDER)Tj 8.793 -2.125 Td (APPEARANCES)Tj ET 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 261.2061 543 cm 0 0 m 89.338 0 l h S Q BT 11.25 0 0 11.25 251.0312 519 Tm (FOR GOVERNMENT)Tj /TT0 1 Tf -3.971 -2.2 Td (Arthur A. Elkins, Esq., Department Counsel)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 4.749 -2.2 Td (FOR APPLICANT)Tj /TT0 1 Tf -1.11 -2.2 Td (Emile J. Henault, Jr., Esq.)Tj 12 0 0 12 16 419.25 Tm (Administrative Judge John R. Erck issued a decision, dated August 3, 200\ 0, in which he concluded it is clearly)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (consistent with the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (national interest to grant or continue a security clearance for Applican\ t. )Tj 36.515 0 Td (Department Counsel)Tj -36.515 -1.125 Td (appealed. )Tj 4.053 0 Td (For the reasons set forth)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (below, the Board reverses the Administrative Judge's decision.)Tj -4.053 -2.125 Td (This Board has jurisdiction on appeal under Executive Order 10865 and De\ partment of Defense Directive 5220.6)Tj T* (\(Directive\),)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (dated January 2, 1992, as amended.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Department Counsel's appeal presents the following issues: \(1\) whether\ the Administrative Judge's findings are)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (supported by)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (substantial record evidence; and \(2\) whether the Administrative Judge'\ s decision is arbitrary, capricious, or)Tj T* (contrary to law.)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 20.032 -2.125 Td (Procedural History)Tj /TT0 1 Tf -20.032 -2.125 Td (The Defense Office of Hearings and Appeals issued to Applicant a Stateme\ nt of Reasons \(SOR\) dated September 28,)Tj T* (1999. )Tj (The)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (SOR was based on Guideline M \(Misuse of Information Technology\) and Gu\ ideline E \(Personal Conduct\).)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (A hearing was held on May 25, 2000. )Tj (The Administrative Judge issued a written decision dated August 3, 2000 \ in)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (which he)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (concluded it is clearly consistent with the national interest to grant o\ r continue a security clearance for)Tj T* (Applicant. )Tj 4.443 0 Td (The case is)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (before the Board on Department Counsel's appeal from the Judge's favorab\ le security clearance)Tj -4.443 -1.125 Td (decision.)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 21.225 -2.125 Td (Appeal Issues)Tj /TT0 1 Tf -21.225 -2.125 Td (1. )Tj (Whether the Administrative Judge's findings are supported by substantial\ record evidence)Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 28 118.5 cm 0 0 m 430.705 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 458.7051 119.25 Tm (. )Tj (Department Counsel's)Tj -36.892 -1.125 Td (appeal brief)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (\(pp. 10-14\) quotes extensive passages from the Administrative Judge's \ decision and then asserts without)Tj T* (elaboration or supporting)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (argumentation that "[t]he record evidence does not support the Administr\ ative Judge's findings)Tj T* (of fact." )Tj (Department Counsel's)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (cursory assertion of factual error lacks specificity. )Tj 32.827 0 Td (The Board will consider only those)Tj -32.827 -1.125 Td (claims of factual error that Department)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Counsel raises with specificity. )Tj /TT2 1 Tf 28.574 0 Td (See)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( ISCR Case No. 99-0295 \(October 20, 2000\))Tj -28.574 -1.125 Td (at pp. 3-4 \(explaining why blanket assertions of)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (factual error are inadequate\).)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 32 0 obj <> endobj 33 0 obj (.ކ?7Fg) endobj 34 0 obj <> endobj 35 0 obj <> endobj 36 0 obj <> endobj 41 0 obj <> endobj 42 0 obj <>stream H\j0l/GiI 6pl%54Q)]XHg!nK_yhqr>u9^kn;Se庾>g{nƢvyCQ׮m)ݷn8trw6{W1Mnkţތ?st{u6O[v%eڡicn)®_Z1uñ}orQWXX`,d+YB~1^fؓ=~9 3zd} 0]%o P'0 tp:YAVdaADXS暏G L~_/ PJêg8 YpV:+ gYpV:+61>;-bl7s>ů?bFg)_v{ endstream endobj 43 0 obj <>stream H|T= `CE{a-;{L%1&"[bDE`/`;r׮W1'&;O[o%g=sYs P`Z͜ir!-<26"nu WGoX?( zN֫#(x80&YJ\q0Pճwd;=32~1(4\RdWDlToݾ]6@׻_[Ua!tPy0ףd9j-T%D+%HUU,h^S (WZX̒ZۚjyZigSPmM>7Ix[$,TOM*THbK)UڷLr+- bU~\zjש[~B7i-ZjqO>mۇ~/|Ỏ),<#DEwֽG^ C ȄQ$4~IɓL6}Y` R.Zd+Vk֮[a[m۾c{Gf;~,>s qqy ؔ|W=aX<8 ED{Qǩ_w~2/j2VF;jl6g xaZXX&ZZ-O#I6a+f+a+e+g3llUlml%;jT¦c1+fUb43oN5͍syg,|/%W'Su7;|ﱋ?3~/_y#Ž<y:IRo'Hŝ9g7?9 EBShB^(,;TQQLx⢄()|]Kt]/zh F"D4MGh.Zh->mZCVG\}큖=~iz>J8=IO'dT|&ڊvs^/x5Ŀ (;wg0RܥCwww( 8kqwys5r\' r$7-r&r%w=r'9<\ayDqyBI\t.9kyE*?/<-ȳ48F8rI"&4J'ȧe2SQR6"JRvA9)/otCzO;ۜ4}$: qtN3Ns̙ tX> d@FdםS,戹, +!s9/!'r!7 s_+@ABaAQC#AF $J4ʠ,!t@yT@ETBeTAUTCu@MBmA]C4D#4F4E34G D+Fh耎肮 [0M't1]}t!]Xq^tQ]L8u9u֡tK^w;4w=kSQO@ ` PaQ1q0#BC$h&`"1 1S1 13٘٘,\`bx$HD1)XXXX+k[۰ݬ5; 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MՐ6ml&UiAb&i/cbc֝tH}sνvEv]9yGv\bm:{$ xh2{,}asG;IaG I)?Y#v~> >0(Wm3#(Pn) dr!] 'LG4Ay kXFI7qdwHvCl@[tR\\W!EOBr]G:<{ ݟp3K君 VwUM0+RE9r9 t,SQ e÷| Z "txנ ă}"HZ%8l5T$ +Ub*j騉:F gG ^mwgʣaZ:jp)UQPU)F8_D<$ךÊmQŕ f endstream endobj 19 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 6/Type/Page>> endobj 46 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (99-0228.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/99-0228.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([7/7/2021 3:18:00 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 740.25 591.75 25.5 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 755.25 Tm (those SOR allegations.)Tj ET EMC Q endstream endobj 18 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 5/Type/Page>> endobj 47 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (99-0228.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/99-0228.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([7/7/2021 3:18:00 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 753 Tm (Applicant's nexus argument lacks merit. )Tj 16.287 0 Td (The federal government must be able to repose a high degree of trust and\ )Tj ET Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 739.5 Tm (confidence in)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (persons granted access to classified information. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 25.297 0 Td (Snepp v. 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Billett)Tj T* (Administrative Judge)Tj T* (Member, Appeal Board)Tj T* (1. )Tj (Department Counsel does not specifically challenge the Administrative Ju\ dge's findings and conclusions concerning)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (some of the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (SOR allegations. )Tj 11.943 0 Td (There is no presumption of error below and the appealing party has the b\ urden of raising)Tj -11.943 -1.125 Td (and demonstrating)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (error. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 10.108 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 3.332 0 Td (, ISCR Case No. 99-0295 \(October 20, 2000\) at p. 3. )Tj (Accordingly, the Board need not)Tj -13.439 -1.125 Td (address the Judge's findings)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (and conclusions that have not been challenged by Department Counsel.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (2. )Tj (The Board notes that there can be situations where an applicant's conduc\ t "[does] not constitute an obvious, self-)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (evident misuse)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (or unauthorized use of a computer." )Tj 20.819 0 Td (ISCR Case No. 98-0395 \(June 24, 1999\) at p. 4. )Tj (The concept of )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 25.69 0 Td (res)Tj -46.509 -1.125 Td (ipsa loquitur)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( provides a)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (useful analogy. )Tj 16.137 0 Td (Under the concept of )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 8.663 0 Td (res ipsa loquitur)Tj /TT0 1 Tf (, proof of certain facts and circumstances)Tj -24.8 -1.125 Td (may be give rise to a rebuttable)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (presumption or inference that a person acted negligently. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 35.82 0 Td (See, e.g., Black's Law)Tj -35.82 -1.125 Td (Dictionary)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 4.333 0 Td ( \(West Publishing Co., 1990, 6th)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (edition\) at p. 1305. )Tj 21.193 0 Td (However, application of )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 9.941 0 Td (res ipsa loquitur)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( would not be)Tj -35.467 -1.125 Td (appropriate in all cases involving claims of negligence.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (3. )Tj (As discussed in footnote 1, Department Counsel has not challenged the Ad\ ministrative Judge's findings and)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (conclusions with)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (respect to some of the SOR allegations. )Tj 23.052 0 Td (Accordingly, the Board need not address whether the Judge)Tj -23.052 -1.125 Td (had a rational basis for)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (concluding Department Counsel failed to substantiate its case under Guid\ eline M with respect to)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 17 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 4/Type/Page>> endobj 48 0 obj [50 0 R] endobj 49 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (99-0228.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/99-0228.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([7/7/2021 3:18:00 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 755.25 Tm (his conduct was)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (improper and wrong, there is nothing mitigating about the passage of tim\ e since Applicant improperly)Tj ET Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 741.75 Tm (installed the Trojan Horse)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (program on the Agency computer system. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 27.687 0 Td (Cf.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( ISCR Case No. 96-0360 \(September 25, 1997\))Tj -27.687 -1.125 Td (at p. 5 \("Where an applicant is)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (unwilling or unable to accept responsibility for his or her own actions,\ such a failure is)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (evidence that detracts from a finding of)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (reform and rehabilitation."\).)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Gaining higher level access to Agency computer)Tj ET 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 16 688.5 cm 0 0 m 233.25 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 249.25 689.25 Tm (. )Tj (As discussed earlier in this decision, it was arbitrary and capricious f\ or)Tj -19.437 -1.125 Td (the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Administrative Judge to focus on his finding that Applicant had not been\ briefed about the rules, regulations, and)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (guidelines that)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (pertained to Agency computer systems, and he had not seen a copy of the \ Agency computer security)Tj T* (regulations until the hearing,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (while ignoring the record evidence that shows Applicant was aware that h\ is conduct was)Tj T* (unauthorized.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (The Administrative Judge's finding that Applicant lacked a sinister moti\ ve did not make it any less improper for)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Applicant to gain)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (a higher level access to the Agency computer than he was authorized to h\ ave. )Tj 38.431 0 Td (Clearly, Applicant's)Tj -38.431 -1.125 Td (motives are a relevant)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (consideration. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 14.938 0 Td (See)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( Directive, Item E2.2.1.7. )Tj 11.801 0 Td (However, the absence of a sinister motive is not)Tj -26.74 -1.125 Td (dispositive on whether an applicant's)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (conduct has security significance. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 28.728 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 3.332 0 Td (, ISCR Case No. 99-0454 \(October 17,)Tj -32.059 -1.125 Td (2000\) at p. 6 \("The absence of any sinister)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (motive on Applicant's part does not negate or reduce the negative securi\ ty)Tj T* (significance of his conduct."\); DISCR Case No. 90-0998 \(December 9, 19\ 92\) at p. 6 \("Even without a corrupt or venal)Tj T* (motive, an applicant's negligent handling of classified)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (information poses a risk to the national security."\). )Tj 42.3 0 Td (An applicant)Tj -42.3 -1.125 Td (who recklessly violates basic computer security principles poses)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (a security threat that is not extenuated or mitigated by)Tj T* (the absence of a sinister motive.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Furthermore, there is no record evidence that the Agency official who as\ ked for Applicant's assistance had any authority)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (to waive)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (computer security requirements. )Tj 16.828 0 Td (A reasonable person knows or should know that a request for assistance d\ oes)Tj -16.828 -1.125 Td (not give the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (requested person )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 11.969 0 Td (carte blanche)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 5.47 0 Td ( to do anything illegal, improper, or unauthorized when responding to th\ e)Tj -17.439 -1.125 Td (request for assistance. )Tj 9.052 0 Td (And, the record evidence shows that Applicant knew his actions would be \ improper and)Tj -9.052 -1.125 Td (unauthorized, but he decided to go ahead)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (and do them anyway. )Tj 25.464 0 Td (Accordingly, the Administrative Judge placed undue)Tj -25.464 -1.125 Td (weight on his finding that Applicant acted in response)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (to a request for assistance.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (The record evidence shows that Applicant still believes that he did noth\ ing improper or wrong with respect to his)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (gaining a higher)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (level of access to the Agency computer than he was authorized to. )Tj 33.433 0 Td (Given Applicant's inability or)Tj -33.433 -1.125 Td (unwillingness to recognize or)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (acknowledge that his conduct was improper and wrong, there is nothing mi\ tigating about)Tj T* (the passage of time since Applicant)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (improperly gained the higher level of access.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (\(b\) Department Counsel persuasively argues that the Administrative Jud\ ge failed to articulate a rational basis for his)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (conclusions)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (under Guideline E. )Tj 12.803 0 Td (Given the errors demonstrated by Department Counsel, the Judge did not h\ ave a rational)Tj -12.803 -1.125 Td (basis to conclude the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (government had failed to substantiate its case under Guideline M with re\ spect to his installation of)Tj 0 -1.375 TD (a Trojan Horse program and his)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (gaining a higher level of access to an Agency computer than he was autho\ rized to.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 566.8105 278.25 Tm ( \(3\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG q 1 0 0 1 566.8105 277.5 cm 0 0 m 13.806 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 248.25 Tm (Accordingly, the Judge erred by entering)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (formal findings for Applicant under Guideline E based on his erroneous)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (conclusions under Guideline M.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Moreover, Department Counsel persuasively argues that the Administrative\ Judge should have analyzed Applicant's)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (conduct under)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Guideline E independently of his conclusions under Guideline M. )Tj 32.493 0 Td (An SOR allegation may rationally be)Tj -32.493 -1.125 Td (included under more than)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (one Guideline. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 16.634 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 3.332 0 Td (, ISCR Case No. 99-0554 \(July 24, 2000\) at p. 6. )Tj (Furthermore, a)Tj -19.965 -1.125 Td (finding of mitigation under one)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Guideline does not, as a matter of law, compel a finding of mitigation u\ nder another)Tj T* (Guideline. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 4.443 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 3.332 0 Td (, DISCR Case No. 93-1251 \(July 29, 1994\) at p. 4. )Tj (Accordingly, the Judge's finding of mitigation)Tj -7.775 -1.125 Td (under Guideline M did not relieve the Judge of his)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (obligation to evaluate Applicant's conduct under Guideline E.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Even in the absence of a formal briefing on computer security, Applicant\ knew or should have known -- through)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (professional)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (training, on the job experience, and common knowledge -- )Tj 28.825 0 Td (that certain actions he engaged in violated basic)Tj -28.825 -1.125 Td (principles of)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (computer security. )Tj 12.968 0 Td (Indeed, the record evidence shows he was aware that his actions were imp\ roper and)Tj -12.968 -1.125 Td (unauthorized. )Tj 5.72 0 Td (Under the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (circumstances, Applicant's actions demonstrated poor judgment and reckle\ ss disregard for basic)Tj -5.72 -1.125 Td (principles of computer security.)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Accordingly, the Judge failed to articulate a rational basis for his )Tj 39.126 0 Td (favorable conclusions)Tj -39.126 -1.125 Td (under Guideline E.)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 50 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[567.0 276.0 581.0 287.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 16 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 3/Type/Page>> endobj 51 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (99-0228.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/99-0228.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([7/7/2021 3:18:00 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 755.25 Tm (must draw reasonable inferences and reach reasonable conclusions)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (that take into account the totality of the record)Tj ET Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 741.75 Tm (evidence, evaluate the facts and circumstances of an applicant's case in\ a manner)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (consistent with the "whole person")Tj 0 -1.125 TD (analysis required by the Directive, and consider the totality of an appl\ icant's conduct and)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (circumstances under the)Tj T* ("clearly consistent with the national interest" standard. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 22.088 0 Td (See)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( ISCR Case No. 99-0511 \(December 19, 2000\))Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (at pp. 13-14.)Tj -22.088 -1.125 Td (For the reasons that follow, the Board concludes Department Counsel has \ demonstrated the Judge's decision is)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (arbitrary)Tj T* (and capricious.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (\(a\) The Administrative Judge concluded Applicant's conduct with respec\ t to installing a Trojan Horse program was)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (mitigated because: \(i\) Applicant had not been informed of the rules, p\ rocedures, guidelines, or regulations pertaining to)Tj T* (his use of Agency computers; \(ii\) Applicant did not install the Trojan\ Horse program to disrupt or sabotage the Agency)Tj T* (computer system; \(iii\))Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Applicant installed the Trojan Horse program to demonstrate a vulnerabil\ ity in the Agency)Tj T* (computer system; \(iv\) Applicant's)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (actions were unintentional and inadvertent; \(v\) there is no evidence t\ hat Applicant's)Tj T* (actions were undertaken for any malicious or)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (selfish purpose or intent, or that he acted for personal gain or to adva\ nce)Tj T* (some personal vendetta; \(vi\) and there is no evidence to)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (refute Applicant's explanation that his action was done in order)Tj T* (to enhance the effectiveness of the organization; and \(viii\) it has)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (been three years since Applicant's conduct occurred)Tj T* (without any indication of similar problems in his current assignment. )Tj 27.856 0 Td (The)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Judge concluded Applicant's conduct in)Tj -27.856 -1.125 Td (gaining a higher level of access than he was authorized to have was miti\ gated because: \(i\))Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Applicant had not been)Tj T* (informed of the rules, procedures, guidelines, or regulations pertaining\ to his use of Agency computers; \(ii\))Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Applicant)Tj T* (did not use the higher level of access for unlawful or sinister purposes\ ; \(iii\) Applicant used the higher level of access to)Tj T* (assist an Agency official who had asked for his assistance; and \(iv\) i\ t has been three years since Applicant's conduct)Tj T* (occurred)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (without any indication of similar problems in his current assignment.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Department Counsel contends the record evidence does not support the Adm\ inistrative Judge's conclusion that)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Applicant's conduct)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (was mitigated. )Tj 14.26 0 Td (In support of this contention, Department Counsel argues the Applicant's\ )Tj -14.26 -1.125 Td (explanations about his actions are not)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (conclusive and binding on the Judge, and the Judge failed to consider Ap\ plicant's)Tj T* (explanations in light of the record evidence as a)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (whole. )Tj 22.298 0 Td (Department Counsel's contention has merit.)Tj -22.298 -2.125 Td (Trojan Horse program)Tj ET 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 16 394.5 cm 0 0 m 107.297 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 123.2969 395.25 Tm (. )Tj (It was arbitrary and capricious for the Administrative Judge to focus on\ his finding that)Tj -8.941 -1.125 Td (Applicant had not)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (been briefed about the rules, regulations, and guidelines that pertained\ to Agency computer systems,)Tj T* (and he had not seen a copy of)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (the Agency computer security regulations until the hearing, while ignori\ ng the record)Tj T* (evidence that shows Applicant was aware)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (that his conduct was )Tj 25.326 0 Td (unauthorized. )Tj 5.72 0 Td (Given Applicant's training and experience)Tj -31.046 -1.125 Td (with computers, 12 years with the Agency, and his)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (knowledge that the Trojan Horse program would exploit a)Tj T* (vulnerability in the Agency computer system, it is untenable for the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Judge to find Applicant was unaware that his)Tj T* (conduct would violate Agency computer security.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (As discussed earlier in this decision, it would be arbitrary and caprici\ ous for an Administrative Judge to uncritically)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (accept a)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (witness's testimony without considering whether is plausible and consist\ ent with other record evidence.)Tj T* (Accordingly, the Judge)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (erred by finding mitigation based on the absence of evidence to refute A\ pplicant's explanation)Tj T* (for why he installed the Trojan)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Horse program. )Tj 19.133 0 Td (Furthermore, given the record evidence about the Trojan Horse program)Tj -19.133 -1.125 Td (and its purpose of capturing passwords,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (as well as the nature of Applicant's job duties, it is untenable for the\ Judge to)Tj T* (accept as mitigating Applicant's explanation that he)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (merely wanted to demonstrate a vulnerability in the Agency)Tj T* (computer system. )Tj 7.304 0 Td (Even if the Judge had a rational basis to find)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Applicant did not act out of any sinister, malicious, or)Tj -7.304 -1.125 Td (unlawful purpose, Applicant's actions in installing the Trojan Horse)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (program were not clearly authorized, reflected poor)Tj T* (judgment, and demonstrated a reckless disregard for basic computer secur\ ity)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (principles. )Tj 35.35 0 Td (Absent proper authorization to)Tj -35.35 -1.125 Td (the contrary, any employee \(or contractor employee\) knows or should kn\ ow that it is)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (improper to intentionally install)Tj T* (malicious software \(such as a Trojan Horse program or a computer virus\)\ on a computer, or to)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (deliberately try to capture)Tj T* (the computer passwords of other people.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Given the record evidence in this case, it is clear that Applicant delib\ erately and intentionally installed the Trojan Horse)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (program)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (on the Agency computer system. )Tj 17.023 0 Td (Accordingly, there is no rational basis for the Administrative Judge to)Tj -17.023 -1.125 Td (conclude Applicant's)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (conduct was mitigated because it was unintentional and inadvertent.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (The record evidence shows that Applicant still believes that he did noth\ ing improper or wrong with respect to his)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (installation of)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (the Trojan Horse program. )Tj 16.69 0 Td (Given Applicant's inability or unwillingness to recognize or acknowledge\ that)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 15 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 2/Type/Page>> endobj 52 0 obj [54 0 R] endobj 53 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (99-0228.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/99-0228.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([7/7/2021 3:18:00 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 752.25 Tm (Department Counsel has the burden of presenting evidence to prove contro\ verted facts. )Tj 35.127 0 Td (Directive, Additional Procedural)Tj -35.127 -1.125 Td (Guidance, Item E3.1.14. )Tj 10.025 0 Td (Absent a showing that the Administrative Judge acted in a manner that is\ arbitrary, capricious,)Tj -10.025 -1.125 Td (or)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (contrary to law, the Board will not disturb a Judge's conclusion that De\ partment Counsel failed to satisfy that burden)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (of proof. )Tj (The Board need )Tj 10.385 0 Td (not agree with the Judge to conclude Department Counsel has not met its \ burden of proving)Tj -10.385 -1.125 Td (the Judge acted in a)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (manner that is arbitrary, capricious, or contrary to law when he conclud\ ed Department Counsel)Tj T* (failed to prove Applicant had been)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (briefed about the rules, regulations, and guidelines that pertained to A\ gency)Tj T* (computer systems, and Applicant had not seen a copy)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (of the Agency computer security regulations until the hearing.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (However, Department Counsel correctly notes there is record evidence tha\ t shows Applicant was aware that some of his)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (actions)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (were improper or unauthorized. )Tj 15.994 0 Td (Even though the Administrative Judge concluded Applicant had not been)Tj -15.994 -1.125 Td (briefed about the rules,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (regulations, and guidelines pertaining to Agency computer security, the \ Judge erred by failing to)Tj T* (consider other record evidence)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (relevant to a determination whether Applicant knew or should have known \ his actions)Tj T* (were improper or unauthorized. )Tj 12.912 0 Td (By)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (repeatedly expressing dissatisfaction with an Agency document and expect\ ing)Tj -12.912 -1.125 Td (Department Counsel to present the strongest)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (possible evidence \()Tj /TT1 1 Tf 25.66 0 Td (i.e.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf (, evidence that Applicant had been formally briefed)Tj -25.66 -1.125 Td (on computer security\), the Judge overlooked relevant)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (record evidence that was probative of Applicant's awareness that)Tj T* (his actions were improper and not authorized. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 18.55 0 Td (See)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( ISCR Case)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (No. 95-0817 \(February 21, 1997\) at pp. 3-4)Tj -18.55 -1.125 Td (\(Administrative Judge erred by focusing on lack of certain type of evid\ ence the Judge)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (preferred to have and failing to)Tj T* (consider other relevant record evidence\); DISCR Case No. 93-0059 \(Marc\ h 9, 1994\) at p. 4)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (\(Department Counsel not)Tj T* (required to present best or strongest possible evidence in order to prov\ e controverted fact\); DISCR Case)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (No. 90-1524)Tj T* (\(April 29, 1993\) at p. 5 n.8 \("However, the fact Department Counsel d\ id not prove the classification status of the)Tj T* (materials in question by [a] particular type of evidence does not mean D\ epartment Counsel could not prove it by other)Tj T* (means."\).)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (To the extent the record evidence shows Applicant was aware his actions \ were unauthorized, it was arbitrary and)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (capricious for the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Administrative Judge to find Applicant was unaware of the rules or prope\ r procedures with respect to)Tj T* (those actions. )Tj 5.693 0 Td (Even in the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (absence of a formal briefing on computer security, an applicant knows or\ should know --)Tj -5.693 -1.125 Td (through professional training, on the job)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (experience, or common knowledge -- )Tj 31.575 0 Td (that certain actions violate basic)Tj -31.575 -1.125 Td (principles of computer security. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 12.968 0 Td (Cf.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( ISCR Case No. 99-0205 \(October 19, 2000\) at p. 4 \("It is not plausib\ le for a person)Tj -12.968 -1.125 Td (who has received an M.B.A. degree to claim to be unaware that)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (the obligation to file state tax returns is separate and)Tj T* (independent from the obligation to file federal tax returns, or in the a\ lternative)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (to conclude that such a person would not)Tj T* (be knowledgeable enough to be expected to seek proper advice about his o\ r her)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (obligations for filing state tax returns."\);)Tj T* (ISCR Case No. 98-0265 \(March 17, 1999\) at p. 7 \("[A]s a matter of com\ mon sense, a)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (reasonable employee knows or)Tj T* (should know that his or her employer is not paying employees to use comp\ any resources and work)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (time to satisfy their)Tj T* (sexual desires through pornography, whether it is online or in some othe\ r format."\); ISCR Case No. 87-2107)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (\(October)Tj T* (25, 1990\) at p. 9 \("[A]n applicant's prior training, experience, and c\ urrent position can be relevant to determining what)Tj 0 -1.375 TD (he)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (or she knows or should know about security regulations, practices and pr\ ocedures."\).)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 437.7871 284.25 Tm ( \(2\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 437.7871 283.5 cm 0 0 m 13.806 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 254.25 Tm (Applicant's acknowledgment that some of)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (his actions were unauthorized could not be ignored or discounted by the)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Judge, especially in light of the record evidence of)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Applicant's training and experience with computers and his)Tj T* (awareness that certain actions were not consistent with basic principles\ )Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (of computer security.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (2. )Tj (Whether the Administrative Judge's decision is arbitrary, capricious, or\ contrary to law)Tj ET 0 G q 1 0 0 1 28 201 cm 0 0 m 417.035 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 445.0352 201.75 Tm (. )Tj (Department Counsel contends)Tj -35.753 -1.125 Td (the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Administrative Judge's decision is arbitrary, capricious, and contrary t\ o law because: \(a\) the record evidence does)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (not support the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Judge's conclusion that Applicant's conduct was mitigated; and \(b\) the\ Judge failed to articulate a)Tj T* (rational basis for his conclusions)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (under Guideline E. )Tj 21.19 0 Td (Applicant urges affirmance of the Judge's decision on the grounds)Tj -21.19 -1.125 Td (it reflects a careful and deliberate)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (consideration of all the facts and there is no nexus between the record \ evidence and)Tj T* (Applicant's suitability for a security clearance.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (An Administrative Judge's decision can be arbitrary or capricious if: it\ does not examine relevant evidence; it fails to)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (articulate a)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (satisfactory explanation for its conclusions, including a rational conne\ ction between the facts found and the)Tj T* (choice made; it does)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (not consider relevant factors; it reflects a clear error of judgment; it\ fails to consider an important)Tj T* (aspect of the case; it offers an)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (explanation for the decision that runs contrary to the record evidence; \ or it is so)Tj T* (implausible that it cannot be ascribed to a mere)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (difference of opinion. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 28.073 0 Td (See, e.g.)Tj /TT0 1 Tf (, ISCR Case No. 99-0154 \(December 27,)Tj -28.073 -1.125 Td (1999\) at p. 3. )Tj (A Judge is not at liberty to draw whatever)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (inferences or conclusions the Judge wants to. )Tj 40.907 0 Td (Rather, the Judge)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 54 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[438.0 282.0 452.0 293.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 14 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 1/Type/Page>> endobj 55 0 obj [57 0 R] endobj 56 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (99-0228.a1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/99-0228.a1.html)Tj 49.74 0 Td ([7/7/2021 3:18:00 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 756 Tm (Department Counsel specifically contends the record evidence does not su\ pport the following findings by the)Tj ET Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 742.5 Tm (Administrative)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Judge: \(a\) Applicant's installation of a Trojan Horse program on a def\ ense agency \(hereinafter)Tj 0 -1.125 TD ("Agency"\) computer system was)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (authorized; \(b\) Applicant was unaware that his conduct violated Agency\ rules; and \(c\))Tj T* (Applicant had never been briefed about the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (rules, regulations, and guidelines that pertained to Agency computer)Tj 0 -1.375 TD (systems, and he had never seen a copy of the Agency)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (computer security regulations until the hearing.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 501.8477 703.5 Tm ( \(1\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 501.8477 702.75 cm 0 0 m 13.806 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 673.5 Tm (On 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se\ curity vulnerability)Tj T* (in the computer system; through)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (these actions, Applicant failed to comply with the rules, procedures, gu\ idelines, or)Tj T* (regulations pertaining to the use of Agency)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (information technology systems. )Tj 30.854 0 Td (Yet, the Judge also found: Applicant had)Tj -30.854 -1.125 Td (never been informed about the rules, procedures,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (guidelines, or regulation pertaining to use of Agency computer)Tj T* (systems; Applicant did not install the Trojan Horse program to)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (disrupt or sabotage the Agency computer system;)Tj T* (Applicant installed the Trojan Horse program to demonstrate a vulnerabil\ ity in)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (the computer system without knowing)Tj T* (that such an installation was prohibited by Agency rules; Applicant gain\ ed the higher level)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (of access through the use of)Tj T* (an unauthorized procedure in 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