%PDF-1.6 % 1 0 obj <> endobj 2 0 obj <>stream 2021-07-02T15:53:42-04:00 2021-07-02T15:53:41-04:00 2021-07-02T15:53:42-04:00 Adobe Acrobat 17.0 application/pdf 06-06455.h1 uuid:8976fff4-42cf-4641-b34d-f6e6f8c85ae8 uuid:8cf4f223-2777-48e7-85fe-8a9570f4bcf4 Acrobat Web Capture 15.0 endstream endobj 5 0 obj <> endobj 6 0 obj <> endobj 3 0 obj <> endobj 7 0 obj <> endobj 8 0 obj <> endobj 21 0 obj <>>> endobj 22 0 obj <> endobj 23 0 obj <> endobj 25 0 obj [24 0 R 24 0 R] endobj 26 0 obj [24 0 R 24 0 R] endobj 27 0 obj [24 0 R 24 0 R] endobj 28 0 obj [24 0 R 24 0 R] endobj 29 0 obj [24 0 R 24 0 R] endobj 30 0 obj [24 0 R 24 0 R] endobj 31 0 obj [24 0 R 24 0 R] endobj 32 0 obj [24 0 R 24 0 R] endobj 24 0 obj <><><><><><><><><><><><><><>]/P 22 0 R/Pg 13 0 R/S/Article>> endobj 13 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 0/Type/Page>> endobj 33 0 obj [40 0 R 41 0 R] endobj 34 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (06-06455.h1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/06-06455.h1.html)Tj 50.296 0 Td ([7/2/2021 3:53:42 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f 0.604 g q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 734.2497 cm 0 0 m 0.75 -0.75 l 579 -0.75 l 579.749 0 l h f Q 0.933 g q 1 0 0 1 16.7499 733.5 cm 0 0 m -0.75 -0.75 l 579 -0.75 l 578.25 0 l h f Q 0.604 g q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 732.7503 cm 0 0 m 0.75 0.75 l 0 1.499 l h f Q 0.933 g q 1 0 0 1 594.9999 733.5 cm 0 0 m 0.75 -0.75 l 0.75 0.75 l h f Q 0.604 g q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 618.75 cm 0 0 m 0.75 -0.75 l 579 -0.75 l 579.749 0 l h f Q 0.933 g q 1 0 0 1 16.7499 618.0003 cm 0 0 m -0.75 -0.751 l 579 -0.751 l 578.25 0 l h f Q 0.604 g q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 617.2497 cm 0 0 m 0.75 0.751 l 0 1.5 l h f Q 0.933 g q 1 0 0 1 594.9999 618.0003 cm 0 0 m 0.75 -0.751 l 0.75 0.75 l h f Q /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 749.25 Tm (DATE: )Tj (March 30, 2007)Tj 0 -3.25 TD (In re:)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (-----------------------)Tj T* (SSN: -----------)Tj T* (Applicant for Security Clearance)Tj 0 -3.25 TD (ISCR Case No. 06-06455)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 14.419 -2.125 Td (DECISION OF ADMINISTRATIVE JUDGE)Tj 5.807 -2.125 Td (JUAN J. RIVERA)Tj 0.208 -2.125 Td (APPEARANCES)Tj ET 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 261.2061 517.5 cm 0 0 m 89.338 0 l h S Q BT 11.25 0 0 11.25 251.0312 493.5 Tm (FOR GOVERNMENT)Tj /TT0 1 Tf -4.706 -2.2 Td (Caroline Jeffreys, Esq. & Richard Stevens, Esq.)Tj 5.457 -2.2 Td (Department Counsel)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 0.027 -2.2 Td (FOR APPLICANT)Tj /TT0 1 Tf -1.097 -2.2 Td (William F. Savarino, Esq)Tj /TT2 1 Tf 10.138 0 Td (.)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 276.5312 369 Tm (SYNOPSIS)Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 276.5312 368.25 cm 0 0 m 58.688 0 l h S Q BT /TT0 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 16 343.5 Tm (Applicant's contacts with immediate family members who are citizens and/\ or residents of Ethiopia raised foreign)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (influence concerns. Considering the totality of)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 18.8 0 Td (the circumstances of this particular case, his family ties do not pose a\ n)Tj -18.8 -1.125 Td (unacceptable risk or concern. His extensive personal and financial conta\ cts in the United)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 35.709 0 Td (States, his track record of trust)Tj -35.709 -1.125 Td (and responsibility working for defense contractors, and Ethiopia's relat\ ionship with the United States mitigate the)Tj T* (foreign)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (influence security concerns. Clearance is granted.)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 17.558 -2.125 Td (STATEMENT OF THE CASE)Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 226.6914 263.25 cm 0 0 m 158.367 0 l h S Q BT /TT0 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 16 238.5 Tm (On May 17, 2006, the Defense Office of Hearings and Appeals \(DOHA\) iss\ ued Applicant a Statement of Reasons)Tj T* (\(SOR\) alleging facts that raise security)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 15.773 0 Td (concerns under Guideline B \(Foreign Influence\). The SOR informed Appli\ cant)Tj -15.773 -1.125 Td (that, based on information available to the government, DOHA adjudicator\ s)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 30.658 0 Td (could not make a preliminary affirmative)Tj -30.658 -1.375 Td (finding that it is clearly consistent with the national interest to gran\ t him access to classified information.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 519.543 199.5 Tm ( \(1\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG q 1 0 0 1 519.543 198.75 cm 0 0 m 13.806 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 533.3491 195 Tm ( )Tj (On June)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (10,)Tj -43.112 -1.125 Td (2006, Applicant answered the SOR \(Answer\),)Tj ( and )Tj (requested a hearing before an administrative judge.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (The case was assigned to me on February 1, 2007. On February 27, 2007, I\ convened a hearing at which the government)Tj 0 -1.375 TD (presented one exhibit, marked GE 1,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 14.884 0 Td (to support the SOR.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 289.9492 144 Tm ( \(2\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 289.9492 143.25 cm 0 0 m 13.806 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 303.7554 139.5 Tm ( Applicant testified on his own behalf, and presented three)Tj -23.98 -1.125 Td (witnesses and five )Tj 7.582 0 Td (exhibits, marked AE 1-5, which were admitted without)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 22.272 0 Td (objection. DOHA received the transcript \(Tr.\))Tj -29.854 -1.125 Td (on March 9, 2007)Tj (.)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 19.406 -2.125 Td (FINDINGS OF FACT)Tj ET 0 G q 1 0 0 1 248.8721 86.25 cm 0 0 m 114.006 0 l h S Q BT /TT0 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 16 61.5 Tm (Applicant admitted all SOR allegations with explanations. His admissions\ )Tj 29.885 0 Td (are incorporated herein as findings of fact.)Tj -29.885 -1.125 Td (After a thorough review of the pleadings,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 16.772 0 Td (Applicant's testimony, and the evidence, I make the following additional\ )Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 35 0 obj <> endobj 36 0 obj (0\nؠc uI^) endobj 37 0 obj <> endobj 38 0 obj <> endobj 39 0 obj <> endobj 46 0 obj <> endobj 47 0 obj <>stream H\͊@ >bk5iAŶaXw+obJV|$'a^ N&|-i2MjOc̅ [;Wv\\D]>HS~8<=VAk򭻚\ u&1YfjjK5Vp)[5Ӽ暿y -ؾq,])H7d&=]] $y+'s[s 'ʉA &?I kDz&̰]:8:8(^y/ 9/ge)YP΂A.~+rm<]1=2S:*y_F endstream endobj 48 0 obj <>stream H|TT=\X \bkL%)6PThbDE`/`.VXvqF:?5w@JZwuuοA ._שZz\I tcuaCbM꛴E@9; 2Wt஽J S^Q"4Sm@4;"4ވYcdƽkr!@7!cѱqs_q5=j@X( ath\L --MrcUuD̀E{g Y[u&@*`nBP*Ez)4b0(:\]V)o:5ə@R؁8iw (+*U> o)UHq18d89FR˸u+YBEJTLfQ5jv7hبq͚hmڶkӎ}E_v _o?#8$=#"{ӷ_Tt1 iиaeQ0v &M25y3g͞3w|,Xhqʒ˖Xjni6oٺm{vٻ/c2g9z,Ns/\+Vռke '"Ͱ} Q<'>/EE|+㕉T@y׻!l"Q>}j5oYNu~Fh[Lfk/BSiii)<Ɯde^e1X,e-RRj5u{^zUO7(=^OI }N߬ o@Q+njN!5=hmsr89*:;] } JL{  ^9J M U&(iJCww|}R|i^Ik۵,vU{4i5%R$ I,>8XK8C{z=l=CHmJjIMLMK}Trtut(4s(%Dyy:^KJ)/嬆TN!NN=~ r K?3 Wofobodo`ogkc^^^^o?\5]fڪkf-KV\70/XFu:llm lumm[Vf[,ku5][WX7Z[X[[s#8'O~3("D*gnZ:ga#|q6|O>g,|/%̹|l㫜:|oCc~O?/~<1Ra8ωPՇ#q1888ޘh`hL2N2N6N1N5& It_."H|ū7uձQ>30iqwN)5!QwH) $~bg 7Mr"mr!w]r#}r< C<\rnˣyL'IyJgYyN ?ɟ/Usݹ\vn_owS%yQ^yU^u-][uu=]_7 u#X7Mu3\-u+7M 45H VCP5p5BTh5FUx5!PIj V!j Uajt5CTnv;N~_7jګ:::NӶk:k؁꜉4Qf&x%nx+ދ"I$$RDH%jq(@8rI"&4J'J%O_З2PFDEiBYEQQvA9)< (OD*H0TS ;Hw=}_?{A'TJQi*Ce T*Qe R4)P(TF4fLflJVo[NWTJV'RU &vYbf5Nǖ>9gLpV͟sr.y8/huݥ5w1\ n&p!.E.b\KpI.ť r\]tW]"WZwA\r55&\r= !7܄hn-%܆r@i6q{w.ܕqw=ߺ-;>ܗqy!/#'^̑K82XxNDZH(S$ELP RS%rZA+yNi~h֛ ⦸%n;⮸ {E^1W+J{e^9WU*{A^WN ŃXw٩v ;ӫjz^Wϫ5z^kZz^}I_WU}M_7M}Kw]zLO)=]n>}~xq:g'9̆A:g ,_KGdԷs$E"2# "s9좒,!r"r#sy_kGD!FE1G D)FE9GTD%T6]*jZ:zhFhhhhhh *#:3+;z'A/|}LWt7=LOE? ]P҅w]DA.N']r.+ ^o;5#kOP pHQ1q I``XP|L4c:f`&fa6`.9 0 YEbD" K-c)!C<XXk[۰;l4{]ו888x*f}CHWirrjaCK5q<}.0I9P6Jl Q QYpudWy3D<'Ej.<^K+lS8k):G7{@{ƚ*Q= +yq4hL?+RԛRh(Kzޤ3 e?9~u_|heq`R)Q ki "hm, {!xoi NFj>{q8me:uqdkޥ.uX++wyDF8'wTI2xMLz֚O~H?9E ]2nP6]VcIGIxu!q]',Yff&vCYcm>HX;h Xp.Fx(xypFy*^.I\0`JS/ڊF"nra o>nQ &.\ˋy5Y/OEdK겟\> %|fYq0z{Q~ 9 k,O7 oF^C4kx]w~A{y*{`v6b苛 rk9[Zn{:%CFQ T],7i}Kħ)GZ/:&~5癯-Nl gDB|i((S@T? ̶^Gق=oSDI++`FxOeǁBd.\ eInKx10C]D 0Y-ƉD(8M` 8#. 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June 7,)Tj T* (2006\).)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 19 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 6/Type/Page>> endobj 52 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (06-06455.h1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/06-06455.h1.html)Tj 50.296 0 Td ([7/2/2021 3:53:42 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 755.25 Tm (6. )Tj (AE 2 \(Applicant's wife's sworn statement, dated Feb. 22, 2007\).)Tj ET Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 729.75 Tm (7. )Tj (AE 2 \(Applicant's wife sworn statement, dated February 22, 2007\).)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (8. )Tj (I took administrative notice of the facts in this paragraph based on inf\ ormation gathered from GE 2-6 for)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (Identification.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (9. )Tj (Directive, Section 6.3. Each clearance decision must be a fair and impar\ tial common sense determination based upon)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (consideration of all the relevant and)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 14.605 0 Td (material information and the pertinent criteria and adjudication policy \ in enclosure)Tj -14.605 -1.125 Td (2, )Tj (including as appropriate:)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (10. )Tj (Directive, E2.2.1. )Tj 8.831 0 Td (". . . The adjudicative process is the careful weighing of a number of v\ ariables known as the whole)Tj -8.831 -1.125 Td (person concept.)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (Available, reliable)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 14.161 0 Td (information about the person, past and present, favorable and unfavorabl\ e, should be)Tj -14.161 -1.125 Td (considered in reaching a determination. . . .")Tj 0 0 1 rg 17.708 0 Td ( The whole person concept)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 11.024 0 Td (includes the consideration of )Tj 0 g 11.774 0 Td (the nature and)Tj -40.506 -1.125 Td (seriousness of the conduct and surrounding circumstances; the frequency \ and recency of the conduct; the age of)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 44.956 0 Td (the)Tj -44.956 -1.125 Td (applicant; the motivation of the applicant, and the extent to which the \ conduct was negligent, willful, voluntary, or)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (undertaken with knowledge of the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 13.913 0 Td (consequences involved; the absence or presence of rehabilitation; and th\ e probability)Tj -13.913 -1.125 Td (that the circumstances or conduct will continue or recur in the future.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (11. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf (See)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( )Tj /TT1 1 Tf (Department of the Navy v. Egan)Tj /TT0 1 Tf 16.023 0 Td (, 484 U.S. 518, 531 \(1988\).)Tj -16.023 -2.125 Td (12. )Tj (ISCR Case No. 98-0761 at 2 \(App. Bd. Dec. 27, 1999\)\(Substantial evide\ nce is more than a scintilla, but less than a)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (preponderance of the evidence.\); ISCR)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 15.827 0 Td (Case No. 02-12199 at 3 \(App. Bd. Apr. 3, 2006\)\(Substantial evidence i\ s such)Tj -15.827 -1.125 Td (relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to suppo\ rt a)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 31.126 0 Td (conclusion in light of all the contrary)Tj -31.126 -1.125 Td (evidence in the record.\); Directive \266 E3.1.32.1.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (13. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf (Egan, supra )Tj /TT0 1 Tf (n.11, at 528, 531.)Tj T* (14. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf (See)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( )Tj /TT1 1 Tf (Id)Tj /TT0 1 Tf (; Directive \266 E2.2.2.)Tj T* (15. )Tj (The fact that his parents visit the United States for lengthy periods of\ time does not mitigate the foreign influence)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (security concerns.)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 7.219 0 Td ( See)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( ISCR Case No.)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (02-31154 at 6 \(App. Bd. Sep. 22, 2005\) \(indicating low relevance if f\ oreign)Tj -7.219 -1.125 Td (relatives spend part of each year in the United States\).)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (16. )Tj (ISCR Case No. 97-0699 at 3 \(App. Bd. Nov. 24, 1998\) \(Nothing in Guide\ lines B or C "requires that the foreign)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (country in question have interests that are)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 16.912 0 Td (inimical to the interests of the United States."\).)Tj -16.912 -2.125 Td (17. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf (See)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( ISCR Case No. 03-02382 at 5 \(App. Bd. Feb. 15, 2006\); ISCR Case No. 9\ 9-0424 \(App. Bd. Feb. 8, 2001\).)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (18. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf (See )Tj /TT0 1 Tf (ISCR Case No. 03-24144 at 5 \(App. Bd. Dec. 6, 2005\) \(As a matter of c\ ommon sense and human experience,)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (there is a rebuttable presumption that a)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 15.8 0 Td (person has ties of affection for, or obligation to, the immediate family\ members)Tj -15.8 -1.125 Td (of the person's spouse.\); ISCR Case No. 03-04343 at 4 \(App. Bd. Dec. 2\ 0,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (2005\) \(There is a rebuttable presumption that)Tj T* (contacts with immediate family members are not casual.\).)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (19. )Tj (ISCR Case No. 99-0511 at 10-11 \(App. Bd. Dec. 19, 2000\) \(foreign infl\ uence issues are not limited to situations)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (involving coercive means of influence;)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 15.855 0 Td (rather, they can include situations where an applicant may be vulnerable\ to non-)Tj -15.855 -1.125 Td (coercive means of influence\).)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (20. )Tj (ISCR Case No. 02-14995 at 5 \(App. Bd. July 26, 2004\).)Tj T* (21. )Tj (ISCR Case No. 02-21927, 2006 DOHA Lexis 229, at *15-*45 \(A.J. May 17, 2\ 006\) \(discussing the parameters and)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (application of FI MC 1, especially the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 15.441 0 Td (scope and definition of "agent of a foreign power"\))Tj 20.42 0 Td (.)Tj -35.861 -2.125 Td (22. )Tj /TT1 1 Tf (See)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( ISCR Case No. 03-17620 at 4 \(App. Bd. Apr. 17, 2006\) \("[FI MC] 1 doe\ s not apply because, as is well settled, it)Tj T* (requires that Applicant demonstrate)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 14.551 0 Td (that his relatives are not in a position which could force Applicant to \ choose)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 18 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 5/Type/Page>> endobj 53 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (06-06455.h1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/06-06455.h1.html)Tj 50.296 0 Td ([7/2/2021 3:53:42 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 746.25 Tm (In reaching my decision, I specifically considered the following facts a\ nd circumstances. Applicant arrived in the United)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (States at a young age and completed)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 14.801 0 Td (his high school and college education in the United States. He and his s\ iblings have)Tj -14.801 -1.125 Td (embraced the "American dream," working hard to establish businesses')Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 28.655 0 Td (opportunities and investments in the United)Tj -28.655 -1.125 Td (States. He appears to be doing quite well with substantial financial int\ erest solely in the United States. Most of)Tj T* (Applicant's immediate family members reside in the United States. His pa\ rents have freely traveled for years between)Tj T* (the two Countries without raising the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 15.109 0 Td (concerns or interest of the Ethiopian authorities. His immediate family \ members)Tj -15.109 -1.125 Td (residing in Ethiopia are not agents of a foreign country, are apolitical\ , and have)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 31.933 0 Td (not had runs-ins with Ethiopian)Tj -31.933 -1.125 Td (authorities. Their occupations are such that it is not likely they would\ create any attention to themselves or Applicant.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (His parents, most of his siblings, his wife, and some of her siblings ar\ e permanent residents of the United States, and in)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (the process of applying for citizenship.)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 15.801 0 Td (Applicant credibly testified his and his family's home is in the United \ States, and)Tj -15.801 -1.125 Td (that he has no intentions of going back to Ethiopia. Applicant's past wo\ rk)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 29.564 0 Td (history and reputation shows he is dependable,)Tj -29.564 -1.125 Td (reliable and trustworthy. More important, he has established a reputatio\ n for being conscientious of and for)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 43.099 0 Td (follows)Tj -43.099 -1.125 Td (security rules and regulations. Additionally, Ethiopia's government rela\ tions with the United States, its posture towards)Tj T* (terrorism, its behavior toward)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 12.136 0 Td (American citizens, and the absence of a history of espionage against the\ United States)Tj -12.136 -1.125 Td (makes it less likely that Applicant would be forced to choose between hi\ s)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 29.631 0 Td (loyalty to his family and the United States.)Tj -29.631 -1.125 Td (Based on the record evidence as a whole, Applicant's immediately family \ members in Ethiopia do not pose an)Tj T* (unacceptable security risk or concern for foreign influence.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (I have carefully weighed all of the evidence, and I have applied the dis\ qualifying and mitigating conditions as listed)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (under the applicable adjudicative guidelines.)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 18.104 0 Td (I also applied the whole person concept. Considering all relevant and)Tj -18.104 -1.125 Td (material facts and circumstances present in this case, I find Applicant \ has mitigated the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 35.071 0 Td (foreign influence security)Tj -35.071 -1.125 Td (concerns.)Tj /TT1 1 Tf 19.364 -2.125 Td (FORMAL FINDINGS)Tj ET 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 248.374 426 cm 0 0 m 115.002 0 l h S Q BT /TT0 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 16 401.25 Tm (Formal findings regarding each SOR allegation as required by Directive S\ ection E3.1.25 are as follows:)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Paragraph 1, Foreign Influence \(Guideline B\) )Tj 18.466 0 Td (FOR APPLICANT)Tj -18.466 -2.125 Td (Subparagraphs 1.a - 1.i )Tj (For Applicant)Tj /TT1 1 Tf T* (DECISION)Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 16 324 cm 0 0 m 59.35 0 l h S Q BT /TT0 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 16 299.25 Tm (In light of all the circumstances presented by the record in this case, \ it is clearly consistent with the national interest to)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (grant or continue a security clearance for)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 16.63 0 Td (Applicant. Clearance is granted.)Tj 4.707 -2.125 Td (Juan J. Rivera)Tj -1.472 -2.125 Td (Administrative Judge)Tj -19.865 -2.125 Td (1. )Tj /TT2 1 Tf (See,)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( Executive Order 10865, )Tj /TT2 1 Tf 12.718 0 Td (Safeguarding Classified Information Within Industry )Tj /TT0 1 Tf 21.417 0 Td (\(Feb. 20, 1960, as amended, and)Tj -34.134 -1.125 Td (Department of Defense Directive)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 13.549 0 Td (5220.6, )Tj /TT2 1 Tf (Defense Industrial Personnel Security Clearance Review Program )Tj /TT0 1 Tf 30.161 0 Td (\(Jan. 2,)Tj -43.71 -1.125 Td (1992\) \(Directive\), as amended.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (2. )Tj (The government submitted five documents, marked GE 2-6 for identificatio\ n \(ID\), and requested I take administrative)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (notice of facts therein concerning the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 15.104 0 Td (government of Ethiopia. I marked the government's exhibit list as GE 7 f\ or)Tj -15.104 -1.125 Td (Identification.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (3. )Tj (GE 1 \(Office of Personnel Management Security Clearance Application \(S\ F 86\), signed June 1, 2004\).)Tj T* (4. )Tj (AE 1 \(Applicant's resume\).)Tj T* (5. )Tj (GE 1 \(unless otherwise stated, his application for a security clearance\ is the source for the facts in this paragraph\).)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 17 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 4/Type/Page>> endobj 54 0 obj [56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R 62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R] endobj 55 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (06-06455.h1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/06-06455.h1.html)Tj 50.296 0 Td ([7/2/2021 3:53:42 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 0 0 1 rg 12 0 0 12 16 756 Tm (of affection or obligation to)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 11.302 0 Td (persons who are either citizens or residents of Ethiopia is sufficient t\ o raise security)Tj ET Q BT 0 0 1 rg 12 0 0 12 16 742.5 Tm (concerns concerning the possibility of Applicant's vulnerability to coer\ cion,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 30.561 0 Td (exploitation, or pressure by a foreign)Tj -30.561 -1.375 Td (country.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 55.6563 730.5 Tm ( \(19\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 55.6563 729.75 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 0 1 rg 12 0 0 12 74.3374 726 Tm ( )Tj 0 g (Because FI DCs 1 applies, Applicant has the burden to present evidence o\ f rebuttal, extenuation or)Tj -4.861 -1.125 Td (mitigation)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 4.361 0 Td (that it is clearly consistent with the national interest to grant or con\ tinue a security clearance for him.)Tj -4.361 -2.125 Td (Security concerns based on foreign influence can be mitigated by showing\ the applicability of one or more foreign)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (influence mitigating conditions \(FI MC\). FI)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 17.748 0 Td (C 1 recognizes that security concerns are reduced when there is "[a])Tj -17.748 -1.125 Td (determination that the immediate family member\(s\), \(spouse, father mo\ ther, sons,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 32.935 0 Td (daughters, brothers, sisters\),)Tj -32.935 -1.125 Td (cohabitant, or associate\(s\) in question are not agents of a foreign po\ wer or in a position to be exploited by a foreign)Tj T* (power in a)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (way that could force the individual to choose between loyalty to the per\ son\(s\) involved and the United)Tj T* (States." Directive \266 E2.A2.1.3.1. The Appeal Board has)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 22.522 0 Td (decided that Applicant must prove that his family members,)Tj -22.522 -1.125 Td (cohabitant or associates are not agents of a foreign power, )Tj 23.463 0 Td (and)Tj ET 0 G q 1 0 0 1 297.5605 605.25 cm 0 0 m 17.326 0 l h S Q BT 12 0 0 12 314.8867 606 Tm ( are not in a position to be exploited)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 14.636 0 Td (by a foreign power in)Tj -39.543 -1.375 Td (a way that could force Applicant to chose between the person\(s\) involv\ ed and the United States.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 477.1914 594 Tm ( \(20\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG q 1 0 0 1 477.1914 593.25 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 0 1 rg 12 0 0 12 495.8726 589.5 Tm ( Applicant satisfies)Tj -39.989 -1.125 Td (the first prong of)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 6.999 0 Td (FI MC 1 because none of his or his wife's immediate family members are "\ agents of a foreign power")Tj 0 g -6.999 -1.375 Td (under the Appeal Board's definition.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 190.4512 564 Tm ( \(21\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 190.4512 563.25 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 534 Tm (The second prong of FI MC 1 provides that it is potentially mitigating w\ here the "associate\(s\) in question are not . . . in)Tj T* (a position to be exploited by a foreign)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 15.441 0 Td (power in a way that could force the individual to choose between loyalty\ to the)Tj -15.441 -1.125 Td (person involved and the United States." The Appeal Board interprets this\ )Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 29.457 0 Td (language as establishing a strict standard; i.e.,)Tj -29.457 -1.125 Td (an applicant must affirmatively prove that there is )Tj /TT1 1 Tf 20.215 0 Td (no possibility )Tj /TT0 1 Tf 5.611 0 Td (that anyone might attempt to exploit or influence)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 19.828 0 Td (a)Tj -45.655 -1.375 Td (foreign relative or acquaintance in the future.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 232.8965 481.5 Tm ( \(22\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 232.8965 480.75 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 451.5 Tm (In deciding whether Applicant's family members are in a position to be e\ xploited, I considered Ethiopia's form of)Tj 0 -1.375 TD (government.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 76.3164 439.5 Tm ( \(23\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 76.3164 438.75 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 94.9976 435 Tm ( Ethiopia and the United)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 10.025 0 Td (States have a cooperative relationship as demonstrated by their diplomat\ ic)Tj -16.609 -1.125 Td (status, the military and financial assistance/support provided by United\ States to)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 32.327 0 Td (Ethiopia, and Ethiopia's continued)Tj -32.327 -1.125 Td (cooperation with the United States in the war against terrorism. There i\ s no evidence the government of Ethiopia has)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (engaged in any type of espionage against the United States. I took note \ of Ethiopia's poor human rights record.)Tj T* (Although, there is little indication of targeting,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 18.913 0 Td (or of violation of human/civil rights by the government against Ethiopia\ n)Tj -18.913 -1.125 Td (citizens who have become United States citizens, the potential still exi\ sts. To a certain)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 34.712 0 Td (extent, the security concerns)Tj -34.712 -1.125 Td (raised by Ethiopia are less than those raised by a country hostile to th\ e U.S. Nevertheless, the concerns still exist,)Tj T* (because even)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 5.552 0 Td (friendly countries have interests that are contrary to the national inte\ rest of the U.S. Thus, FI MC 1 cannot)Tj -5.552 -1.125 Td (be applied.)Tj 0 0 1 rg 0 -2.125 TD (FI MC 3 can mitigate security concerns where "contact and correspondence\ with foreign citizens are casual and)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (infrequent." Directive \266 E2.A2.1.3.3.)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 15.024 0 Td (Applicant has frequent contacts when his parents visit his family in the\ United)Tj -15.024 -1.375 Td (States. Applicant also failed to establish that his wife's contacts with\ her siblings)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 32.452 0 Td (in Ethiopia are casual.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 512.0488 276 Tm ( \(24\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 512.0488 275.25 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 0 1 rg 12 0 0 12 16 246 Tm (I conclude that FI MC 3 cannot be applied. Although Applicant does not h\ ave any financial interests in Ethiopia, this)Tj 0 -1.25 TD (fact does not)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 5.359 0 Td (mitigate the foreign influence concerns based on FI DC 1 or 3)Tj 0 g 9.75 0 0 9.75 377.8926 231 Tm (.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 8.25 0 0 8.25 380.3301 234.75 Tm ( \(25\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 380.3301 234 cm 0 0 m 15.807 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 9.75 0 0 9.75 396.1372 231 Tm ( )Tj 0 0 1 rg 12 0 0 12 398.5747 231 Tm (I conclude that no Guideline B)Tj -31.881 -1.125 Td (Mitigating Conditions apply, and I expressly and specifically)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 24.69 0 Td (indicate that I have not relied "explicitly or implicitly" on)Tj -24.69 -1.375 Td (any of the Mitigating Conditions listed under Guideline B of the Directi\ ve.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 375.2676 205.5 Tm ( \(26\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 375.2676 204.75 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 0 1 rg 12 0 0 12 16 175.5 Tm (In addition to the enumerated disqualifying and mitigating conditions as\ discussed previously, I have considered the)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (general adjudicative guidelines related to)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 16.687 0 Td (the whole person concept under Directive )Tj 0 g 16.938 0 Td (\266 E2.2.1. )Tj (The Appeal Board has)Tj -33.625 -1.375 Td (repeatedly held that a Judge may find in favor of an applicant where no \ specific)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 32.126 0 Td (mitigating conditions apply.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 536.5059 150 Tm ( \(27\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 536.5059 149.25 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 0 1 rg 12 0 0 12 555.187 145.5 Tm ( Under)Tj -44.932 -1.125 Td (the whole person concept, the Administrative Judge must evaluate an appl\ icant's security eligibility by considering the)Tj 0 -1.375 TD (totality of an applicant's conduct and circumstances.")Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 271.3105 120 Tm ( \(28\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 271.3105 119.25 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 0 1 rg 12 0 0 12 289.9917 115.5 Tm ( )Tj 0 g (The directive lists nine adjudicative process factors \(APF\))Tj -22.833 -1.125 Td (which are used for "whole person" analysis.)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 17.812 0 Td (The eighth APF, )Tj 0 0 1 rg ("the potential for pressure, coercion, exploitation, or)Tj -17.812 -1.375 Td (duress," Directive )Tj 0 g (\266 E2.2.1.8,)Tj ( is the most relevant of the nine APFs to this)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 29.774 0 Td (adjudication.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 435.6016 90 Tm ( \(29\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 435.6016 89.25 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 454.2827 85.5 Tm ( In addition to the eighth)Tj -36.524 -1.125 Td (APF, other "[a]vailable, reliable information about the person, past and\ present, favorable and unfavorable, should be)Tj T* (considered in reaching a determination.")Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 210.4902 60 Tm ( \(30\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 210.4902 59.25 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 229.1714 55.5 Tm ( )Tj (Directive \266 E2.2.1. Ultimately, the clearance decision is "an overall\ )Tj -17.764 -1.125 Td (common sense determination." Directive \266)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 17.301 0 Td (E2.2.3.)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 56 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[55.0 728.0 73.0 739.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 57 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[477.0 591.0 495.0 602.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 58 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[190.0 561.0 208.0 572.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 59 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[233.0 479.0 251.0 490.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 60 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[76.0 437.0 94.0 448.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 61 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[512.0 273.0 530.0 284.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 62 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[380.0 233.0 396.0 242.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 63 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[375.0 203.0 393.0 214.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 64 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[537.0 147.0 555.0 158.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 65 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[271.0 117.0 289.0 128.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 66 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[435.0 87.0 453.0 98.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 67 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[210.0 57.0 228.0 68.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 16 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 3/Type/Page>> endobj 68 0 obj [70 0 R 71 0 R 72 0 R 73 0 R 74 0 R 75 0 R 76 0 R 77 0 R 78 0 R 79 0 R] endobj 69 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (06-06455.h1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/06-06455.h1.html)Tj 50.296 0 Td ([7/2/2021 3:53:42 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 0 g /TT1 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 277.1992 755.25 Tm (POLICIES)Tj ET Q 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 277.1992 754.5 cm 0 0 m 57.352 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 729.75 Tm (The Directive sets forth adjudicative guidelines which must be considere\ d in evaluating an Applicant's eligibility for)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (access to classified information. Foremost are the Disqualifying and Mit\ igating conditions under each adjudicative)Tj T* (guideline applicable to the facts and circumstances of the case. However\ , the guidelines)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 35.348 0 Td (are not viewed as inflexible)Tj -35.348 -1.125 Td (ironclad rules of law. The presence or absence of a disqualifying or mit\ igating condition is not determinative of a)Tj T* (conclusion for or)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 7.082 0 Td (against an Applicant. Each decision must also reflect a fair and imparti\ al common sense consideration)Tj -7.082 -1.375 Td (of the factors listed in Section 6.3 of the Directive,)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 258.9297 663.75 Tm ( \(9\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG q 1 0 0 1 258.9297 663 cm 0 0 m 13.806 0 l h S Q BT 0 0 1 rg 12 0 0 12 272.7358 659.25 Tm ( and)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (the whole person concept.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 421.353 663.75 Tm ( \(10\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 421.353 663 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 0 1 rg 12 0 0 12 440.0342 659.25 Tm ( Having considered the record)Tj -35.336 -1.125 Td (evidence as a whole, I conclude )Tj 0 g 12.966 0 Td (Guideline B \(Foreign Influence\) is the applicable relevant)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 23.38 0 Td (adjudicative guideline.)Tj /TT1 1 Tf -16.996 -2.125 Td (BURDEN OF PROOF)Tj ET 0 G q 1 0 0 1 248.21 619.5 cm 0 0 m 115.33 0 l h S Q BT /TT0 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 16 594.75 Tm (The purpose of a security clearance decision is to resolve whether it is\ clearly consistent with the national interest to)Tj 0 -1.375 TD (grant or continue an applicant's eligibility)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 16.898 0 Td (for access to classified information.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 389.7168 582.75 Tm ( \(11\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG q 1 0 0 1 389.7168 582 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 0 1 rg 12 0 0 12 408.3979 578.25 Tm ( )Tj 0 g (The government has the initial burden)Tj -32.7 -1.125 Td (of proving controverted facts alleged in the SOR. To meet its burden, th\ e)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 29.464 0 Td (government must establish a prima facie case)Tj -29.464 -1.375 Td (by substantial evidence.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 130.9668 552.75 Tm ( \(12\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 130.9668 552 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 149.6479 548.25 Tm ( The responsibility then shifts to the applicant to refute, extenuate or\ mitigate the)Tj -11.137 -1.375 Td (government's case. Because no one has a right to a security )Tj 23.895 0 Td (clearance, the applicant carries the burden of persuasion.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 574.9375 536.25 Tm ( \(13\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 574.9375 535.5 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 506.25 Tm (A person who has access to classified information enters into a fiduciar\ y relationship with the government based on)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (trust and confidence. The government,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 15.689 0 Td (therefore, has a compelling interest to ensure each applicant possesses \ the)Tj -15.689 -1.125 Td (requisite judgement, reliability and trustworthiness of one who will pro\ tect the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 31.66 0 Td (national interests as his or her own. The)Tj -31.66 -1.125 Td ("clearly consistent with the national interest" standard compels resolut\ ion of any reasonable doubt about an applicant's)Tj 0 -1.375 TD (suitability for access to classified information in favor of protecting \ national security.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 425.8809 453.75 Tm ( \(14\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 425.8809 453 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 g /TT1 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 261.8652 423.75 Tm (CONCLUSIONS)Tj ET 0 G q 1 0 0 1 261.8652 423 cm 0 0 m 88.02 0 l h S Q BT /TT0 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 16 398.25 Tm (Under Guideline B, )Tj 0 0 1 rg 8.109 0 Td (a "security risk may exist when an individual's immediate family, includ\ ing cohabitants, and other)Tj -8.109 -1.125 Td (persons to whom he or she may be bound)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 16.858 0 Td (by affection, influence, or obligation are not citizens of the United St\ ates or)Tj -16.858 -1.125 Td (may be subject to duress. These situations could create the potential fo\ r foreign)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 31.935 0 Td (influence that could result in the)Tj -31.935 -1.125 Td (compromise of classified information. Contacts with citizens of other co\ untries or financial interests in other countries)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (are also)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 3.332 0 Td (relevant to security determinations if they make an individual potential\ ly vulnerable to coercion, exploitation, or)Tj -3.332 -1.125 Td (pressure." Directive \266 )Tj 0 g (E2.A2.1.1.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (One of eight possible foreign influence disqualifying conditions \(FI DC\ \) could raise a security concern in this case. FI)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (DC 1 applies where an "immediate family)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 17.098 0 Td (member, or a person to whom the individual has close ties of affection o\ r)Tj -17.098 -1.125 Td (obligation, is a citizen of, or resident or present in, a foreign countr\ y." Directive \266)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 32.879 0 Td (E2.A2.1.2.1.)Tj ( "Immediate family)Tj -32.879 -1.125 Td (members" include a spouse, father, mother, sons, daughters, brothers, an\ d sisters. )Tj 32.734 0 Td (Directive \266 E2.A2.1.3.1. Applicant's)Tj -32.734 -1.125 Td (father,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 2.832 0 Td (mother, and brother are "immediate family members." The government produ\ ced substantial evidence to)Tj -2.832 -1.125 Td (establish FI DC 1 because Applicant's parents, some)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 21.204 0 Td (of his siblings, his mother-in-law, and some of his wife's siblings)Tj -21.204 -1.125 Td (are Ethiopian citizens. Some of them live in Ethiopia, others in the Uni\ ted States. He has close)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 38.046 0 Td (ties of affection or)Tj -38.046 -1.375 Td (obligation to them.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 106.9902 212.25 Tm ( \(15\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG q 1 0 0 1 106.9902 211.5 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 182.25 Tm (In every security clearance case an applicant's ties or connections to a\ ny foreign country require careful examination.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 16 170.25 Tm (\(16\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 16 169.5 cm 0 0 m 16.244 0 l h S Q BT 0 0 1 rg 12 0 0 12 32.2437 165.75 Tm ( )Tj 0 g (Although, the mere possession of close)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 16.164 0 Td (family ties with a person in a foreign country is not, as a matter of la\ w,)Tj -17.518 -1.125 Td (disqualifying under Guideline B, if only one relative lives in a foreign\ country, and an)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 34.686 0 Td (applicant has contacts with that)Tj -34.686 -1.125 Td (relative, this factor alone is sufficient to create the potential for fo\ reign influence and could potentially result in the)Tj 0 -1.375 TD (compromise)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 5.193 0 Td (of classified information.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 199.2871 126.75 Tm ( \(17\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 199.2871 126 cm 0 0 m 18.681 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 96.75 Tm (Applicant )Tj 0 0 1 rg 4.193 0 Td (has close ties of affection or obligation with his parents, siblings, mo\ ther-in-law, and wife's siblings. His)Tj -4.193 -1.125 Td (parents are citizens of, and reside)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 13.577 0 Td (approximately half of the year in Ethiopia. Two of his siblings, his mot\ her-in-law, and)Tj -13.577 -1.375 Td (three of his wife's siblings are citizens of Ethiopia and reside in the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 27.034 0 Td (United States. )Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 410.7285 71.25 Tm (\(18\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 410.7285 70.5 cm 0 0 m 16.244 0 l h S Q BT 0 0 1 rg 12 0 0 12 426.9722 66.75 Tm ( The strength of his familial)Tj -34.248 -1.125 Td (relationships is demonstrated by his travel to Ethiopia from 1997 to 200\ 2, his wife's travel to Ethiopia in 2004-2005, and)Tj ET q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 12 0 0 12 16 39.75 Tm (the financial support provided to his sibling as well as their business \ relationship. The fact that Applicant has close ties)Tj ET EMC Q endstream endobj 70 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[258.0 661.0 272.0 672.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 71 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[421.0 661.0 439.0 672.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 72 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[390.0 580.0 408.0 591.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 73 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[131.0 550.0 149.0 561.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 74 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[575.0 534.0 593.0 545.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 75 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[426.0 451.0 444.0 462.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 76 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[107.0 210.0 125.0 221.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 77 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[16.0 168.0 32.0 179.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 78 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[199.0 124.0 217.0 135.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 79 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[411.0 69.0 427.0 80.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 15 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 2/Type/Page>> endobj 80 0 obj [82 0 R 83 0 R] endobj 81 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (06-06455.h1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/06-06455.h1.html)Tj 50.296 0 Td ([7/2/2021 3:53:42 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 756 Tm (Applicant's mother-in-law is an Ethiopian citizen living in the United S\ tates as a permanent resident alien. \(Tr. 124-129\))Tj ET Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 742.5 Tm (His wife has nine siblings, three)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 13.081 0 Td (brothers and six sisters. One brother and a sister are citizens and resi\ dents of Canada)Tj -13.081 -1.125 Td (\(occupation unknown\). Two brothers \(a taxi driver and an owner of a)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 27.963 0 Td (small electronics repair shop, respectively\) and)Tj -27.963 -1.125 Td (two sisters \(one imports women's clothing the other sister's occupation\ is unknown\) are citizens and residents)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 43.962 0 Td (of)Tj -43.962 -1.125 Td (Ethiopia. Three of the sisters are permanent resident aliens in the Unit\ ed States. )Tj 32.073 0 Td (One of them has applied for American)Tj -32.073 -1.375 Td (citizenship.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 70.9844 690 Tm ( \(7\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 70.9844 689.25 cm 0 0 m 13.806 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 660 Tm (Additionally, Applicant has approximately 30 other extended family membe\ rs \(uncles, aunts, cousins\) residing in the)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (United States with whom he has frequent)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 16.747 0 Td (contacts. He has a similar number of extended family members who are)Tj -16.747 -1.125 Td (citizens and residents of Ethiopia with whom Applicant claimed he has in\ frequent to no)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 35.324 0 Td (contact. \(Tr. 140\))Tj -35.324 -2.125 Td (To his, or to his wife's knowledge, none of his or his wife's immediate \ family members have ever been)Tj T* (associated/involved with the Ethiopian government or)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 21.884 0 Td (its military forces. They claimed their immediate family members)Tj -21.884 -1.125 Td (are apolitical and have not had any runs-ins with Ethiopian authorities.\ He stated that his)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 35.713 0 Td (immediate family members are)Tj -35.713 -1.125 Td (financially self-sufficient and he does not provide \(or receive\) finan\ cial assistance to \(from\) any of his relatives. He only)Tj T* (provides)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (financial assistance \(approximately $3,000 a year\) to his youngest bro\ ther who is attending college in the)Tj T* (United States.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (From 1997 to 2002, Applicant traveled between seven and ten times to Eth\ iopia to assist his father with setting up a)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (computer retail store in that country. \(Tr.)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 16.633 0 Td (148-155\) Around 1997, he and two of his brothers and a cousin establish\ ed a)Tj -16.633 -1.125 Td (computer retail store in the United States. Their company in the United \ States)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 31.325 0 Td (supplied his father's business with used)Tj -31.325 -1.125 Td (computer parts and equipment. Additionally, he unsuccessfully tried to e\ stablish his own computer business in Ethiopia.)Tj T* (After his business failure, Applicant became disenchanted with the burea\ ucracy and limited business opportunities in)Tj T* (Ethiopia. He decided to pursue his)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 14.024 0 Td (American dream and become a United States citizen. He testified that dur\ ing his trips)Tj -14.024 -1.125 Td (he was never approached or questioned by Ethiopian authorities. He)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 27.519 0 Td (never had any trouble entering or leaving the)Tj -27.519 -1.125 Td (country, and he was never approached by anyone seeking information conce\ rning the United States. He last)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 43.319 0 Td (traveled to)Tj -43.319 -1.125 Td (Ethiopia twice in 2002 before becoming a United States citizen, and he h\ as no intentions to travel to Ethiopia ever)Tj T* (again. \(Tr. 161\) Applicant)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 10.719 0 Td (claimed he no longer owns any interest in his brother's computer busines\ s.)Tj -10.719 -2.125 Td (Applicant said that because of his extensive security training, if he wa\ s ever approached by anyone asking for)Tj T* (information about the United States, or if any)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 18.413 0 Td (pressure was ever placed on his family or him for such information, he)Tj -18.413 -1.125 Td (would report such incident to the United States authorities. \(Tr. 133\)\ He knew as an)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 33.742 0 Td (individual he was powerless to)Tj -33.742 -1.125 Td (resolve such incidents and his best course of action was to request the \ United States government assistance to deal with)Tj T* (the)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (problem.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Applicant had no financial interests or property in Ethiopia. On the oth\ er hand, he testified he has substantial financial)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (interests in the United States that include:)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 16.913 0 Td (a residence with an estimated value of $520,000 in which he has a $50,00\ 0)Tj -16.913 -1.125 Td (equity; an investment real state property he owns in partnership with tw\ o of his)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 31.937 0 Td (brothers and a second cousin with an)Tj -31.937 -1.125 Td (estimated value of $1.3 million \(their equity in the property is 30% of\ its value, of which he owns 25%\); and four other)Tj T* (residential real state properties with an estimated equity of $220,000. \ He also had liquid assets totaling $100,000. \(Tr.)Tj T* (137-140\))Tj 0 -2.375 TD (Ethiopia is a developing country with a democratic federal republic form\ of government.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 442.1875 196.5 Tm ( \(8\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 442.1875 195.75 cm 0 0 m 13.806 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 455.9937 192 Tm ( Since the late 1970s, the)Tj -36.666 -1.125 Td (United States has provided substantial)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 15.525 0 Td (military and economic assistance to Ethiopia. The two countries have had\ )Tj -15.525 -1.125 Td (diplomatic relations since 1992. The relations between the countries is \ considered)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 32.99 0 Td (good, especially in responding to)Tj -32.99 -1.125 Td (regional instability, supporting the war on terrorism, and economic deve\ lopment. Ethiopia has devoted high-level)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (attention to)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 4.777 0 Td (the fight against terrorism, and has a continuous counterterrorism coope\ ration with the United States. The)Tj -4.777 -1.125 Td (country does not provide sanctuary or offer political)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 21.104 0 Td (or financial support to any terrorist group, and in recent years there)Tj -21.104 -1.125 Td (have been no significant terrorist incidents directed against U.S. citiz\ ens in Ethiopia. The)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 35.878 0 Td (government's human rights)Tj -35.878 -1.125 Td (record is considered poor, although improving. Members of its security f\ orces committed serious human rights abuses,)Tj T* (including)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 4.027 0 Td (unlawful killings, alleged political killings, torture of detainees, arb\ itrary arrest and searches \(particularly of)Tj -4.027 -1.125 Td (those suspected of sympathizing with terrorist)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 18.663 0 Td (organizations\), and in general, abused individuals' civil and privacy)Tj -18.663 -1.125 Td (rights.)Tj ET EMC endstream endobj 82 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[71.0 687.0 85.0 698.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 83 0 obj <>/BS<>/Border[0 0 0]/PA<>/Rect[442.0 194.0 456.0 205.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 14 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 1/Type/Page>> endobj 84 0 obj [86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R] endobj 85 0 obj <>stream BT /Artifact <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm (06-06455.h1)Tj EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 -86 TD (file:///usr.osd.mil/)Tj 7.166 0 Td (...)Tj (yComputer/Desktop/DOHA%20transfer/DOHA-Kane/dodogc/doha/industrial/Archi\ ved%20-%20HTML/06-06455.h1.html)Tj 50.296 0 Td ([7/2/2021 3:53:42 PM])Tj EMC ET 1 g 10 36 591.75 729.75 re f /Article <>BDC EMC /Article <>BDC q 10 36 592 730 re W n BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 755.25 Tm (findings of fact:)Tj ET Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 729.75 Tm (Applicant is a 38-year-old computer systems engineer. He has worked for \ his current employer, a defense contractor,)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (since July 2006. \(Tr. 24\) Applicant was)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 16.08 0 Td (born in Ethiopia. He moved to the U.S. with his older brother in 1985, a\ t age 16.)Tj -16.08 -1.125 Td (\(Tr. 80-82, 168\) His father sent them both to the United States becaus\ e he)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 29.77 0 Td (was concerned that the then communist)Tj -29.77 -1.125 Td (government of Ethiopia would take them out of school and force them to s\ erve in the Ethiopian armed forces. \(Tr.)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 45.875 0 Td (146-)Tj -45.875 -1.125 Td (147\) Applicant moved in with his uncle who sponsored him into the Unite\ d States under a student visa. He attended)Tj T* (high school and college in the United)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 15.191 0 Td (States, and obtained a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering in 19\ 91.)Tj -15.191 -2.125 Td (After graduation, from approximately 1991 to 1996, he continued his prac\ tical training working for a couple of)Tj T* (computer companies. \(Tr. 82-96\) In 1996,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 17.079 0 Td (Applicant, two of his brothers, and a cousin established a computer sale\ s)Tj -17.079 -1.125 Td (company. He was a part owner in the business and worked as network engin\ eer and)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 33.712 0 Td (sales representative. From February)Tj -33.712 -1.125 Td (2001 to December 2002, he was self-employed in his own consulting compan\ y. His business did not do well and from)Tj T* (2002)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (to 2005, he was employed by a defense contractor doing networking and co\ mputer security. While working for)Tj 0 -1.375 TD (this company, he submitted his security)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 16.081 0 Td (clearance application.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 313.5742 570.75 Tm ( \(3\))Tj ET 0 0 0.933 RG 0.75 w q 1 0 0 1 313.5742 570 cm 0 0 m 13.806 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 327.3804 566.25 Tm ( From 2005 to 2006, he worked for another defense)Tj -25.948 -1.125 Td (contractor doing computer security analysis and protection. Although he \ did well)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 32.714 0 Td (and received certificates of)Tj -32.714 -1.125 Td (appreciation and commendation for his good job performance, he was termi\ nated because he lacked a security)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (clearance. In 2006,)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 7.857 0 Td (he began working for his current employer, a defense contractor, perform\ ing computer security)Tj -7.857 -1.125 Td (analysis. He requires access to classified information to keep)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 24.603 0 Td (his job.)Tj -24.603 -2.375 Td (Applicant has completed extensive computer security training, including \ certified courses by excellent companies.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 565.1523 488.25 Tm ( \(4\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 565.1523 487.5 cm 0 0 m 13.806 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 16 470.25 Tm (During his last three jobs with defense)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 15.636 0 Td (contractors, he received yearly training in the handling of classified i\ nformation)Tj -15.636 -1.125 Td (as well as contractor's proprietary information. According to his three \ character)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 32.001 0 Td (witnesses' testimony, Applicant has a)Tj -32.001 -1.125 Td (reputation for always complying with the rules for handling classified a\ nd/or proprietary information. \(Tr. 21-67\) They)Tj T* (all)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 1.25 0 Td (worked closely with Applicant and supervised him directly for approximat\ ely two years, one and one-half year, and)Tj -1.25 -1.125 Td (eight months respectively. Applicant is)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 15.886 0 Td (characterized as an excellent employee, reliable, dependable, honest, an\ d)Tj -15.886 -1.125 Td (trustworthy. In their opinion, Applicant is loyal to the United States, \ and always took)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 34.3 0 Td (the initiative to follow the)Tj -34.3 -1.125 Td (companies' security rules and procedures. There is no evidence he has ev\ er compromised or caused the compromise of)Tj T* (protected)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 3.97 0 Td (information.)Tj -3.97 -2.125 Td (Applicant, his wife, and all of their immediate and extended family memb\ ers were born in Ethiopia, with the exception)Tj 0 -1.375 TD (of his six-year-old son who was born in)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (the United States.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 294.291 338.25 Tm ( \(5\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 294.291 337.5 cm 0 0 m 13.806 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 308.0972 333.75 Tm ( Applicant became a naturalized United States citizen in)Tj -24.341 -1.125 Td (March 2003. He met his wife in the United States and they were married i\ n 1998.)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 32.825 0 Td (His wife attended college in the)Tj -32.825 -1.125 Td (United States and works for an airline as a ticket agent. She submitted \ her naturalization application in May 2006, and)Tj T* (they)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC (expect she will be sworn in as a United States citizen in 2007.)Tj 0 0 0.933 rg 9.75 0 0 9.75 336.5898 294.75 Tm ( \(6\))Tj ET q 1 0 0 1 336.5898 294 cm 0 0 m 13.806 0 l h S Q BT 0 g 12 0 0 12 350.396 290.25 Tm ( She last traveled to Ethiopia in 2004 and 2005 to)Tj -27.866 -1.125 Td (visit with relatives and attend a cousins')Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 16.149 0 Td (weddings.)Tj -16.149 -2.125 Td (Applicant's father \(68 years old\) and his mother \(61 years old\) are \ permanent resident aliens of the United States. \(Tr.)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (99-111\) )Tj (According to Applicant, they)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 15.33 0 Td (live in the United States approximately six months of each year and in E\ thiopia)Tj -15.33 -1.125 Td (the remainder of the year. His mother owns a fashion store and his fathe\ r owns)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 31.769 0 Td (a computer retail store in Ethiopia. They)Tj -31.769 -1.125 Td (frequently travel to the United States to purchase merchandise for their\ respective businesses and to visit their)Tj T* (immediate and extended family living in the United States. Whenever they\ come to the United States, they stay with)Tj T* (their sons or daughters. Applicant's)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 14.344 0 Td (mother would like to become a United States citizen. \(Tr. 106\))Tj -14.344 -2.125 Td (Applicant has five siblings all of whom were born in Ethiopia. \(Tr. 113\ -120\) Three of his siblings are naturalized)Tj T* (American citizens residing in the United)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 16.439 0 Td (States. Two of his siblings are Ethiopian citizens residing in the Unite\ d States.)Tj -16.439 -1.125 Td (One of them is in the process of applying for permanent residency, the o\ ther is in)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 32.686 0 Td (the United States under a student visa,)Tj -32.686 -1.125 Td (but would also like to become a United States citizen.)Tj 0 -2.125 TD (Applicant claimed he only communicates with his mother while she is in t\ he United States. Since approximately 18)Tj 0 -1.125 TD (months ago, he has had limited contact with)Tj /Span<>> BDC ( )Tj EMC 17.857 0 Td (his father because of family disagreements. He averred having little of \ no)Tj -17.857 -1.125 Td (contact with the rest of his extended family living in Ethiopia. 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